最新刊期
卷 40 ， 期 1 ， 2026
EDITOR'S NOTE
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摘要：Mobile wooden cultural relics constitute a significant category of mobile cultural relics, with wood serving as their primary medium. They are vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity, microbial infestation, and pest damage, exhibiting pronounced fragility and considerable challenges in preservation. This study proposed a system defining and classifying mobile wooden cultural relics, analyzed common diseases and their causes, and summarized the restoration procedures, methods, and corresponding restoration materials and tools for mobile wooden cultural relics under the restoration principles. This study also explored the direction of the restoration technologies of mobile wooden cultural relics, and provided theoretical basis and technical support for the collection management, restoration, protection and exhibition of mobile wooden cultural relics in China.关键词：mobile wooden cultural relics;definition;classification;repair technology52|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20
KEY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BASE OF HISTORICAL BUILDING WOOD
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摘要：This study systematically analyzed the growth ring width and density profile of larch wood from three families (Larix kaempferi 3×L. gmelinii 2, L. kaempferi 5×L. olgensis 77-3, L. kaempferi 5×L. gmelinii 9) from a progeny test plantation established in 1993 at Qingshan Forest Farm, Linkou County, using the soft X-ray imaging technique. During the growth cycle, all families showed rapid decrease in growth ring width during the first 10 years and then leveled off. L. kaempferi 3×L. gmelinii 2 demonstrated the largest mean annual growth ring width, indicating the fastest growth rate. The latewood percentage exhibited an initial rapid increase in the first 10 years and then displayed a fluctuating upward trend. L. kaempferi 5×L. olgensis 77-3 showed the best stability in latewood percentage. The average earlywood density decreased slightly in the initial growth stage, increased significantly from the 6th to the 8th growth ring, and decreased again after the 15th growth ring. The average latewood density increased rapidly in the first 10 growth ring and remained stable thereafter,resulting in the average density of growth rings showing an initial increase followed by a slight decrease. L. kaempferi 3×L. gmelinii 2 exhibited the highest latewood density, while L. kaempferi 5×L. olgensis 77-3 had the lowest variation coefficients for earlywood and growth ring density, indicating superior stability between growth rings. This research provided theoretical and technical supports for selecting superior families and targeted breeding of larch.关键词：Hybrid larch;families;Growth ring;density;radial variation41|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
Rapid Prediction of Modulus of Elasticity in Larch Wood from Three Families Using Stress Wave Method
摘要：To enable rapid prediction of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) in hybrid larch wood, three hybrid larch families (Larix kaempferi 3×Larix gmelinii 2, L. kaempferi 12×L. gmelinii 9, and L.kaempferi 3×L. gmelinii 9) were selected. Stress-wave nondestructive testing technology was employed to measure stress-wave velocity in logs and small clear specimens. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was calculated based on stress-wave velocity in combination with oven-dry density. The differences in stress-wave velocity and dynamic MOE between two forms of wood, namely logs and small clear specimens, were investigated, and the differences between the dynamic MOE and static MOE of small clear specimens were also compared. The results showed that, compared with logs, the stress-wave velocity and dynamic MOE of small clear specimens increased by 6.1% and 8.4%, respectively. The static MOE was 30.2% and 20.1% higher than the dynamic MOE of logs and small clear specimens, respectively. The full-sample regression models developed using log wave velocity and log dynamic MOE to predict the static MOE of small clear specimens yielded coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.57 and 0.66, respectively. A full-sample multiple regression model of small clear specimens incorporating both log wave velocity and air-dry density yielded R² of 0.67, and five-fold cross-validation indicated that the model exhibited good stability. All models demonstrated moderate fitting level and promising predictive potential. Across different families, the Larix kaempferi 3 × L. gmelinii 2 family showed all the best fit. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for rapid evaluation of MOE in hybrid larch wood.关键词：Hybrid larch;stress wave velocity;MOE prediction;non-destructive testing65|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20
EVALUATION OF WOOD PROPERTIES OF DIRECTIONALLY CULTIVATED PINE TREES
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摘要：To investigate the feasibility of species-level identification of Phoebe and Machilus wood based on volatile compound chemical fingerprinting, four species, namely P. hui, P. bournei, M. pauhoi, and M. leptophylla were selected for analysis. Volatile compounds in wood powder samples were detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Their chemical fingerprint information was comprehensively compared and analyzed. Differential compounds were first screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and then partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to construct discrimination models for the four wood species. Finally, chemical markers for species identification were determined. The results showed marked differences in the volatile chemical profiles among the four species. P. hui and P. bournei were mainly characterized by terpenoids, whereas M. pauhoi and M. leptophylla were dominated by acids, ketones, and aldehydes. The differential compounds identified by OPLS-DA mainly included terpenoids, esters, heterocyclic compounds, and ketones, and the differences were more pronounced in intergeneric comparisons. The PLS-DA discrimination model achieved an overall identification accuracy of 95.24%. Further screening identified 428 significantly different compounds, mainly esters (15.65%), terpenoids (14.95%), ketones (13.55%), and heterocyclic compounds (12.62%), which together accounted for the major chemical differences among species. Based on variable importance in projection (VIP) values, the top 20 significantly differential compounds were selected as chemical markers, including 2-[(2S,4aR,8aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol, 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene,2,6-dimethylthiophenol,2-[(2S,4aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol, and 2-piperidinimine. Heatmap analysis further showed that these 20 chemical markers could reliably distinguish the four wood species. Therefore, HS-SPME-GC-MS can be used to achieve species-level identification of Phoebe and Machilus wood. These results provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and standardized market management of Phoebe and Machilus wood resources, and also offer practical support for wood identification based on volatile compound chemical fingerprints.关键词：wood identification;Phoebe;Machilus;volatile compounds;chemical fingerprint;HS-SPME-GC-MS47|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
摘要：To address the brittleness of phenolic resin after curing and the stress concentration at the interface of bamboo-plastic composites, this study proposes a synergistic crosslinking modification strategy based on dynamic covalent bonds. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were used as curing agents to prepare modified phenolic resin-based bamboo-plastic composites, and their mechanical properties, wettability, thermal stability, and recyclability were investigated. The results showed that when the mass ratio of novolac resin (NR), PBA, HMTA, and bamboo powder (Phyllostachys edulis) was 100∶15∶5.5∶60, the modified phenolic resin-based bamboo-plastic composites exhibited the best overall performance. The flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and fracture energy reached 124.60 MPa, 31.40 MPa, 3.63 kJ/m2, and 1 433.7 kJ/m3, respectively. Compared with HMTA-modified composites, the flexural strength and fracture energy increased by 43.7 % and 168.3 %, respectively, indicating that modification with boronate ester dynamic covalent bonds significantly improved both the strength and toughness of the composites. The reason could be attributed to the introduction of boronate ester bonds into the composites, which constructed a synergistic cross-linked network, enabling effective energy dissipation and achieving matrix and interfacial bonding strength improvement, thereby enhancing both strength and toughness of composites. In addition, the modified composites also exhibits excellent thermal stability and water resistance (the water absorption rate after 72 h was only 2.5%), and demonstrates good recyclability potential. This research can provide new approach for the development and utilization of high-performance and sustainable bio-based composites.关键词：phenolic resin;bamboo-plastic composites;boronate ester dynamic covalent bonds;strengthening and toughening;recyclability72|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
摘要：High-performance wood scrimber, as a novel engineered wood product, exhibits significant potential for applications in construction due to its excellent mechanical properties and dimensional stability. However, the size effect on its mechanical strength remains understudied. This study focused on high-performance poplar wood scrimber, preparing specimens with varying cross-sectional areas and tensile lengths to test their tensile strength parallel to grain. The strength percentiles were analyzed using a lognormal distribution, and size effect coefficients were determined based on the weakest link theory. Results indicated that the tensile strength of high-performance poplar wood scrimber exhibited a significant size effect with changes in cross-sectional area and tensile length. The size effect coefficient of tensile length ( -
摘要：To achieve self-densification while preserving the integrity of the wood structure, a combined sodium chlorite (NaClO2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment was employed to remove lignin and hemicelluloses from balsa wood (Ochroma lagopus), followed by air drying to obtain self-densified transparent wood films (TWF). The effects of sodium chlorite concentration, heating time, and temperature during delignification on the film formation yield of the TWF were systematically investigated. The optimal delignification conditions were determined to be 2% of sodium chlorite solution mass fraction, a 2 h heating time, and a temperature of 90 °C. Under these conditions, the resulting self-densified TWF exhibited a density of 0.79 g/cm³, which is 3.76 times higher than that of natural wood (NW) and 4.39 times higher than that of delignified wood (DW). The optical transmittance reached 60.37%, representing 10.74 times that of NW and 5.4 times that of DW. The tensile strength was 306.03 MPa, which is 19.80 times higher than that of NW and 8.84 times higher than that of DW. Cyclic folding endurance tests were performed using a folding endurance tester under a load of 4.91 N on specimens with a uniform thickness of 0.1 mm. The longitudinally oriented self-densified transparent wood film (TWF-L), prepared from wood slices with fibers aligned parallel to the length direction, endured 231 folding cycles—1.56 times that of A4 paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that the delignification treatment preserved the porous structure of the wood cell walls while exposing additional hydroxyl groups, thereby facilitating self-densification during drying. The obtained self-densified transparent wood film exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as good biodegradability. This approach provides a novel strategy for the preparation of transparent wood and shows promising potential for applications in dyed paper, writing paper, and flexible electronics.关键词：balsa wood;delignification;air drying;self-densification;transparent wood film77|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
摘要：Bamboo-based activated carbon (BAC) was modified with a copper-ammonia complex and ethyleneurea (EU) to obtain copper-based antibacterial activated carbon (Cu/BAC) and formaldehyde-scavenging antibacterial activated carbon (Cu/EU/BAC). The modified and unmodified BAC were incorporated into resin-treated wood fibers to prepare fiberboards with antibacterial and formaldehyde-scavenging functions (Cu/BAC-FB and Cu/EU/BAC-FB). The results of microstructure and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the modified BAC was successfully loaded with CuO and EU. When 6% (based on the oven-dry fiber mass) modified BAC was added, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the fiberboards were decreased significantly compared with those of the control group (without bamboo activated carbon)(P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in internal bond strength (P>0.05). However, all performance indicators met the requirements for general-purpose medium-density fiberboards for use in dry conditions as specified in GB/T 11718—2021“Medium-density fiberboard”. According to the phenol reagent spectrophotometric method specified in GB/T 18204.2—2025 “Examination methods for public places—Part 2: Chemical pollutants”, the 24 h formaldehyde removal rate of the fiberboard containing unmodified BAC (BAC-FB) was 16.9%, whereas that of Cu/EU/BAC-FB reached 85.9%. The antibacterial performance of the fiberboards against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using the absorption method in GB/T 21551.2—2024“Antibacterial, sterilization, and purification functions of household and similar electrical appliances Part 2: Special requirements for antibacterial materials”. BAC-FB showed antibacterial rates of 31.3% and 19.3% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively, whereas Cu/EU/BAC-FB showed antibacterial rates higher than 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, meeting the requirements for Grade I strong antibacterial wood-based panels in LY/T 1926—2020“Testing and evaluation of antibacterial properties of wood-based panels and wooden (bamboo) products”. This study provides a practical basis for developing fiberboards with integrated antibacterial and formaldehyde-scavenging properties.关键词：formaldehyde-scavenging and antibacterial fiberboard;bamboo-based activated carbon;copper-ammonia complex;ethyleneurea28|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
摘要：Ultra-thin fiberboard is a recently developed high-density fiberboard with a thickness less than 1.5 mm. Owing to its thin thickness, good flexibility and high added value, it is widely used in the field of decorative wood-based panels and decorative materials. However, severe warping often occurs after ultra-thin fiberboards have been coated with melamine impregnated paper, which limits its practical application. Based on industrial production conditions, this study investigated the effects of ultra-thin fiberboard thickness (0.8~1.5 mm), resin content of melamine-resin impregnated paper (111.8%~167.4%), hot-pressing parameters (time, temperature, and pressure), and post-treatment (combined water spray and high-pressure treatment) on the flatness of decorated ultra-thin fiberboard with melamine-resin impregnated paper. Within the experimental scope, the flatness value decreased as fiberboard thickness increased, reaching the optimal value of 37.65 mm/m at a thickness of 1.5 mm. In contrast, the flatness increased with increasing resin content, with the optimal value of 185.88 mm/m obtained at a resin content of 111.8%. Among the hot-pressing parameters, temperature had the most significant effect on flatness. Under the conditions of 10 s duration, 190 ℃ temperature, and 2 MPa pressure, the optimum flatness value was 214.71 mm/m. Analysis by X-ray computed tomography and profile density measurement indicated that asymmetric density and stress differences between the upper and lower surfaces of the decorated ultra-thin fiberboard were the main causes of warping; the profile densities of the uncoated and coated surfaces were 860 and 1 250 kg/m³, respectively. After the combined water-spraying and high-pressure post-treatment was applied, these density and stress differences between the two surfaces were effectively reduced, and the flatness value decreased from 221.57 mm/m to 72.35 mm/m, indicating a marked alleviation of warping. This study provides practical process guidance for manufacturing decorated ultra-thin fiberboard with optimal flatness.关键词：decorated ultra-thin fiberboard;thermosetting-resin impregnated paper;flatness;hot pressing;post-treatment process68|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20 -
摘要：To investigate the effects of veneer hole-repair methods on the mechanical properties of plywood, rotary-cut Eucalyptus veneers with circular holes were used as material. Three repair methods, namely veneer patch, calcium hydroxide-based putty and wood-mixed putty, were applied to the holes before plywood manufacture. A non-contact full-field strain measurement system (digital image correlation, DIC) was used to analyze strain transfer during the bonding strength test. The results showed that pronounced local strain concentration occurred around unrepaired holes, disrupting the strain-transfer path. Compared with the control group without holes, the bonding strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the group with holes unrepaired decreased by 32.92%, 18.78%, and 10.65% respectively. Plywood prepared from veneers repaired with calcium hydroxide-based putty (Group CP) and wood-mixed putty (Group WP) exhibited similar strain-evolution patterns during the bonding strength test. These repair materials effectively filled the holes and improved stress transfer. Compared with the unrepaired group, the bonding strength increased by 43.52% and 39.81%, respectively, while the MOR and MOE increased by 18.62% and 10.96% for Group CP and by 14.72% and 7.20% for Group WP, respectively. Although veneer patch repair improved the mechanical properties of plywood to some extent, gaps remained at the hole edges, resulting in insufficient bonding with the veneer substrate and a limited repair effect. Overall, the two putty-based repair methods showed better performance in improving the mechanical properties of plywood, providing a useful reference for the repair of veneer hole defects in plywood production.关键词：plywood;veneer hole repair;veneer patch;putty;mechanical properties57|0|0更新时间：2026-04-20
RESEARCH PAPERS
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