Plantation grown forests have become the main wood resource in China. However, poor properties of the wood from this resource restrict wide applications of the wood. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out modification to improve performance. As an environmentally friendly wood modification technology, wood furfurylation shows unique advantages, such as, being a renewable resource and having low eco-toxicity. A systematic summary on wood modification with furfuryl alcohol resin was presented including modification mechanisms, furfurylation processes, furfurylated wood properties and other relevant factors. Suggestions on wood furfurylation were provided for industrialization of the technology.