Southern type Poplar is one of the dominant forest plantation species in Jiangsu Province,and the Poplar industry has made Jiangsu become one of the biggest producers of wood based panels in China.This paper reviewed the history and current condition of Poplar cultivation and utilization in Jiangsu Province.To build a sustainable industry,the authors suggested that the Poplar industry should stimulate the development of future markets, management of raw materials,R & D for production,and promote innovation on technology and business management.They also suggested that the construction of small towns in the northern area of Jiangsu Province should focus on Poplar cultivating and utilization to speed up the development of this new rural area.