Bamboo, as the second largest forestry resource in China, has been playing an important role in saving forest resources and supplying the demands for wood products. However, bamboo and products made from bamboo, are easily affected by insects, mildew, and fungi under high temperature and humidity conditions due to abundant glucide and protein. Preservation treatment for bamboo has been verified as an effective preventive measure against fungi. This paper reviewed research on preservatives and preservation methods for bamboo, and analyzed the current conditions as well as emerging technology. Some new high efficient, low toxicity and environmentally friendly preservatives and treating technologies were recommended.