The purpose of this paper is to study the strength properties of the composite oriented strand board made from bamboo and Italian fast-growing poplar, and the effect of resin type, strand thickness, ratio of bamboo strand, board density, mat structure, resin content etc on the composite OSB was analyzed.The results showed: (1) there is no significant effect of resin type on the strength of the board; (2) both increasing the board density and reducing the strand thickness can increase the strength of the board; (3) single layer OSB has the highest strength; (4) raising the ratio of bamboo strand can improve the strength of the OSB board, but too high ratio of the bamboo strand is disadvantagous for the ratio of MOR to board density and of MOE to board density; (5) the strength of the board made with PF resin can drop as the acidity increase of the furnish.