In this laboratory study, melamine pyrophosphate（MPP） as the flame retardant was added at various mass ratios to the bamboo fiber（BF）/polypropylene（PP） composites. Combustion performance of the composite samples were measured using cone calorimeter. The results showed that adding MPP contributed to formation of a dense carbon layer on the surface of the composite samples during combustion process. The charring yield and the time to ignition（tign） were increased, while the total heat release rate, the total smoke release rate and the combustion speed were all reduced significantly and the production of CO,2, were decreased considerably. The smoke suppression property of the composite samples with MPP as the flame retardant was improved effectively.