The authors summarized the influencing factors and parameters of acoustic vibration performance of wood for musical instruments by combining the performance requirements and performance evaluation indexes from the points of macroscopic to microscopic characteristics as well as physical-mechanical properties of wood. They also reviewed the research and application progress of chemical, physical and biological treatment methods to improve acoustic vibration performance of wood, as well as the problems existed in the above-mentioned treatments, aiming at providing reference for future research and development of functional improvement of wood acoustic vibration characteristics.