Copper agents, boride and bromo geramine were selected and mixed together to formulate a compound preservative that was added to an acid dyeing solution to treat bamboo. The goal was to simultaneously improve the appearance and antimold property of bamboo. The formula of the compound agent was studied though two orthogonal experiments. Bamboo treated by the compound agent was compared with that treated only by a dyeing solution with respect to chroma and antimold performance. Results showed that the compound agent had no influence on the bamboo chroma, whereas it could significantly improve the antimold ability of bamboo.