This paper briefly analyzed the impact of China’s fastgrowing economy, entry into WTO, and the implementation of the 6 national forestry development programs on the future supply and demand of timber. Poplar is one of the major forest plantation species in China. Therefore, Poplar plantation forest development and timber processing and utilization will have very important effects on the future relationship between timber supply and demand. This paper reviewed the current situation of processing and utilization of Poplar timber worldwide. It also suggested focusing on future market segmentation, developing high quality Poplar plantation forests, improving current technology of Poplar timber, and developing new products.