Surface roughness of Moso Bamboo （Phylltachys pubescens） was measured by a fine stylus method and analysed with three surface roughness parameters, which were maximum individual peak to valley height（ R y）,average roughness（ R z） and mean peak to valley（ R a）. Results showed that the outer surface of bamboo was smoother than the inner part and the surface roughness was closely related to both bamboo age and sanding. Compared with the surface of Munchurian Ash （Fraxinus munchurica） and Beech （Fagus spp.） wood, the surface of outer bamboo was relatively smoother.