微波-尿素协同处理对压缩密实化木材尺寸稳定性及抗弯性能的影响

李思仪; 王志闯; 王婷欢; 余晖; 王孜; 何正斌; 王振宇; 伊松林

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025138

研究报告 | 浏览量 : 0 下载量: 6 CSCD: 0 CNKI被引量: 0 Crossref: 0 Wos: 0 Scopus: 0 更多指标

PDF
导出
分享
收藏
专辑

微波-尿素协同处理对压缩密实化木材尺寸稳定性及抗弯性能的影响
Effect of Microwave-Urea Synergistic Treatment on the Dimensional Stability and Bending Properties of Compresseion-Densified Wood
林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，木材科学与工程北京市重点实验室，木质材料科学与应用教育部重点实验室，北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院，北京 100083
2026年40卷第2期页码：49-57
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025138
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

李思仪,王志闯,王婷欢等.微波-尿素协同处理对压缩密实化木材尺寸稳定性及抗弯性能的影响[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(02):49-57. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025138.

LI Siyi,WANG Zhichuang,WANG Tinghuan,et al.Effect of Microwave-Urea Synergistic Treatment on the Dimensional Stability and Bending Properties of Compresseion-Densified Wood[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(02):49-57. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025138.

摘要

以毛泡桐（

Paulownia tomentosa

）木材

为研究对象，首先采用微波预处理，然后经尿素溶液（质量分数为30%）软化后热压制备压缩密实化木材（简称为压缩木材），主要探究不同微波预处理时间对压缩木材尺寸稳定性及抗弯性能的影响。结果表明，当热压温度为170 ℃时，随着微波预处理时间的延长，木材增重率和密度均显著增加（

0.01），与未处理材相比，分别提高了7.42%~136.13%和10.71%~39.29%，剖面密度分布趋于均匀。微波-尿素协同处理对压缩木材的尺寸稳定性具有显著作用（

0.01），当微波预处理时间为10~50 s时，压缩木材的吸水回复率、湿胀率较对照组（仅热压处理的木材）分别降低44.95%~60.81%、31.08%~50.00%。压缩木材的抗弯强度和弹性模量均随微波预处理时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势，在微波预处理时间为40 s（临界时间）时达到最大，较未处理材分别提升了45.45%和37.62%（

0.05）。微波-尿素协同处理发挥了二者的作用：微波处理引发木材内部膨化，使尿素溶液充分渗透到木材细胞壁中，在热压过程中尿素发挥软化作用，并与细胞壁发生交联反应，从而有效降低压缩木材的变形回复率并提升其抗弯性能。研究结果为高稳定性压缩木材的制备与应用提供理论基础。

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of microwave pretreatment time on the dimensional stability and bending properties of compression-densified wood (referred as densified wood).

Paulownia tomentosa

was pretreatment by microwave

then softened by urea solution (mass fraction of 30%)

and followed by hot-pressing to produce densified wood. The results showed that when the hot pressing temperature was 170 ℃

the weight percent gain and density of densified wood significantly increased (

0.01) with the extension of microwave pretreatment time. Compared with untreated wood

these two indexes were increased by 7.42%~136.13% and 10.71%~39.29%

respectively

with the density profile becoming relatively uniform. Microwave urea synergistic treatment significantly improved the dimensional stability of densified wood (

0.01). When the microwave pretreatment time was 10~50 s

the set recovery rate and swelling efficiency were decreased by 44.95%~60.81% and 31.08%~50.00%

respectively

compared with control group (treated only by hot-pressing). Both bending strength and modulus of elasticity of densified wood were initially increased and then decreased with the extension of microwave pretreatment time

reaching their maximum at a microwave pretreatment time of 40 seconds (critical time)

which increased by 45.45% and 37

.62%

respectively

compared with untreated wood (

0.05). The combined effect of microwave-urea was demonstrated

i.e.

microwave treatment induced puffing within the wood

allowing the urea solution to fully penetrate the wood cell walls. During hot-pressing

urea softened and crosslinked with the cell walls

effectively reducing the set recovery rate of densified wood and improving its bending performance. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and application of high-performance densified wood.

关键词

Keywords

references

GAO Z Z , SUN J Y , WEI Z K , et al . Epoxy-aminated lignin impregnation combined with densification for enhanced mechanical properties and deformation fixation of wood [J ] . Polymers , 2025 , 17 ( 10 ). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101406 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101406 .

黄荣凤 . 木材塑性变形的湿热固定技术及机理研究进展 [J ] . 林业科学 , 2022 , 58 ( 2 ): 206 - 216 .

HUANG R F . Advances in wood plastic deformation fixation by hygro-thermal treatments and the fixation mechanisms [J ] . Scientia Silvae Sinicae , 2022 , 58 ( 2 ): 206 - 216 .

AKBAR M I , ARMYNAH B , TAHIR D . Comprehensive review of wood-based composites as microwave absorbers: utilizing wood-derived materials such as carbon, metal/metal oxides, and polymer composites as fillers [J ] . Industrial Crops and Products , 2024 , 220 . DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119397 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119397 .

徐恩光 , 林兰英 , 李善明 , 等 . 微波处理对樟子松木材等温吸湿特性的影响 [J ] . 木材科学与技术 , 2021 , 35 ( 1 ): 20 - 25 .

XU E G , LIN L Y , LI S M , et al . Effect of microwave treatment on moisture sorption isotherm of mongolian scotch pine [J ] . Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology , 2021 , 35 ( 1 ): 20 - 25 .

赵世超 . 不同湿热预处理结合压缩对竹材细胞与性能的影响 [D ] . 杭州 : 浙江农林大学 , 2024 .

吕少一 , 傅峰 , 李善明 , 等 . 环氧树脂填充微波膨化樟子松木材的结构及性能 [J ] . 木材科学与技术 , 2022 , 36 ( 2 ): 48 - 53 .

LYU S Y , FU F , LI S M , et al . Structure and properties of microwave puffed mongolian scotch pine wood filled with epoxy resin [J ] . Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology , 2022 , 36 ( 2 ): 48 - 53 .

徐恩光 . 樟子松微波膨化木性能及其树脂强化处理研究 [D ] . 北京 : 中国林业科学研究院 , 2020 .

王振宇 , 林兰英 , 傅峰 , 等 . 木材高强微波处理及其结构失效机制研究进展 [J ] . 林业工程学报 , 2022 , 7 ( 4 ): 13 - 21 .

WANG Z Y , LIN L Y , FU F , et al . Research progress on high-intensity microwave treatment and failure mechanism of wood [J ] . Journal of Forestry Engineering , 2022 , 7 ( 4 ): 13 - 21 .

WANG Z C , WEI R J , WANG T H , et al . Eco-friendly densified wood obtained by combining urea and hot-pressing treatment [J ] . Holzforschung , 2025 , 79 ( 10 ): 541 - 551 .

LIN C F , KARLSSON O , DAS O , et al . High leach-resistant fire-retardant modified pine wood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) by in situ phosphorylation and carbamylation [J ] . ACS Omega , 2023 , 8 ( 12 ): 11381 - 11396 .

LIN C F , MYRONYCHEVA O , KARLSSON O , et al . A new wood-modification process based on in situ grafting of urethane groups: biological resistance and dimensional stability of carbamylated scots pine wood [J ] . Wood Material Science & Engineering , 2023 , 18 ( 3 ): 1160 - 1162 .

VINDEN P , TORGOVNIKOV G , HANN J . Microwave modification of Radiata pine railway sleepers for preservative treatment [J ] . European Journal of Wood and Wood Products , 2010 , 69 ( 2 ): 271 - 279 .

蒋军 , 杜静静 , 徐信武 , 等 . 热处理木材性能改良与工艺优化研究进展 [J ] . 复合材料学报 , 2024 , 41 ( 4 ): 1712 - 1725 .

JIANG J , DU J J , XU X W , et al . Research progress on performance improvement and process optimization ofthermally treated wood [J ] . Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica , 2024 , 41 ( 4 ): 1712 - 1725 .

RAN Y Y , LU D , JIANG J Y , et al . Deep eutectic solvents-assisted wood densification: a promising strategy for shape-fixation [J ] . Chemical Engineering Journal , 2023 , 471 . DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.144476 .

MASCARENHAS F J R , SIMOES R M D S , DIAS A M P G , et al . Moisture and temperature profiles of heart wood Pinus pinaster Ait. wood specimens during microwave drying [J ] . Forests , 2024 , 15 ( 6 ). https://doi.org/10.3390/f15060944 https://doi.org/10.3390/f15060944 .

王瑜瑶 , 马尔妮 . 不同预处理方法对木材细胞壁孔隙结构影响 [J ] . 北京林业大学学报 , 2023 , 45 ( 11 ): 140 - 151 .

WANG Y Y , MA E N . Effects of different pretreatment methods on the pore structure of wood cell wall [J ] . Journal of Beijing Forestry University , 2023 , 45 ( 11 ): 140 - 151 .

WU J W , FAN Q , WANG Q W , et al . Improved performance of poplar wood by an environmentally-friendly process combining surface impregnation of a reactive waterborne acrylic resin and unilateral surface densification [J ] . Journal of Cleaner Production , 2020 , 261 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121022 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121022 .

黄荣凤 , 高志强 , 冯上环 , 等 . 含水率非均匀分布木材在热板加热下温度分布的变化规律 [J ] . 木材科学与技术 , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 40 - 47 .

HUANG R F , GAO Z Q , FENG S H , et al . Temperature distribution in wood with uneven moisture distribution during preheating process by press platens [J ] . Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology , 2023 , 37 ( 1 ): 40 - 47 .

何露茜 , 张天放 , 阮智勇 , 等 . 高温热处理对三种热带阔叶树材颜色和尺寸稳定性的影响 [J ] . 木材科学与技术 , 2023 , 37 ( 2 ): 25 - 34 .

HE L X , ZHANG T F , RUAN Z Y , et al . Effect of high-temperature heat treatment on color and dimensional stability of three tropical hardwoods [J ] . Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology , 2023 , 37 ( 2 ): 25 - 34 .

TANG J , ZHAN T Y , LI Z , et al . Optimization of dimensional stability and mechanical performance of thermally modified wood using cyclic-gradient thermal treatment [J ] . Construction and Building Materials , 2025 , 458 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139596 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139596 .

任安捷 , 赵洋 , 王新洲 , 等 . 高温热处理对中山杉木材物理力学性能的影响 [J ] . 林业工程学报 , 2024 , 9 ( 4 ): 25 - 33 .

REN A J , ZHAO Y , WANG X Z , et al . Effect of high-temperature heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan' wood [J ] . Journal of Forestry Engineering , 2024 , 9 ( 4 ): 25 - 33 .

ZHANG Y , LIN L , FU F . High-permeability wood with microwave remodeling structure [J ] . Forests , 2021 , 12 ( 11 ). https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111432 https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111432 .

LI Y H , GAO J J , WANG B , et al . Microwave-assisted heat treatment for sustainable wood modification: enhanced dimensional stability and selective control of volatile organic compound emissions [J ] . ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , 2025 , 13 ( 29 ): 11557 - 11568 .

GUO J , WANG Z Y , HE Z B , et al . Eco-friendly processing strategies for constructing thermal and sound-insulating wood [J ] . Journal of Cleaner Production , 2025 , 534 . DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147080 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147080 .

OKTAY S , KIZILCAN N , BENGU B . Oxidized cornstarch-urea wood adhesive for interior particleboard production [J ] . International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives , 2021 , 110 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102947 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.102947 .

HUANG W Z , JIN Y X , GUO Y , et al . Fabrication of high-performance densified wood via high-pressure steam treatment and hot-pressing [J ] . Polymers , 2024 , 16 ( 7 ): 939 .

黄荣凤 , 何啸宇 , 王艳伟 , 等 . 基于空气与蒸汽介质组成比及其压力调控的木材压缩变形永久固定 [J ] . 木材科学与技术 , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 2 - 20 .

HUANG R F , HE X Y , WANG Y W , et al . Permanent setting of compressive deformation in surface-compressed wood through regulation of air-steam medium composition and pressure [J ] . Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology , 2025 , 39 ( 4 ): 2 - 20 .

HUANG Y G , LI G Y , CHU F X . Modification of wood cell wall with water-soluble vinyl monomer to improve dimensional stability and its mechanism [J ] . Wood Science and Technology , 2019 , 53 ( 5 ): 1051 - 1060 .

ZHANG X , FAN Q , CHEN C F , et al . Enhanced mechanical performance and fire resistance of poplar wood: unilateral surface densification assisted with N/P doped acrylic resin impregnation [J ] . Construction and Building Materials , 2023 , 398 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132470 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132470 .

BI Z J , MORRELL J J , LEI Y F , et al . Eco-friendly and mildly modification of wood cell walls with heat treated wood extracts to improve wood decay resistance [J ] . Industrial Crops and Products , 2022 , 184 . DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115079 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115079 .

RAO J , LYU Z , CHEN G , et al . Hemicellulose: structure, chemical modification, and application [J ] . Progress in Polymer Science , 2023 , 140 . DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101675 .