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1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2.西安交通大学，陕西西安 710049
纸质出版日期： 2024-03-30 ，
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方旋,张景朋,李嘉欣等.三种古建筑常用阔叶树材耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究[J].木材科学与技术,2024,38(02):29-35.
FANG Xuan,ZHANG Jingpeng,LI Jiaxin,et al.The Decay Resistance and Preservative Treatability of Three Hardwoods Commonly Used in Ancient Buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2024,38(02):29-35.
杨木、榆木和槐木是我国古建筑常用阔叶树材，进一步了解其耐腐性能和防腐可处理性能，可为古建筑木结构防腐处理和修缮保护提供参考。本研究选择槐木（
Styphnolobium japonica
）、榆木（
Ulmus pumila
）和大青杨（
Populus ussuriensis
）三种木材，首先测定其天然耐腐等级，然后通过铜唑防腐剂的载药量和横截面渗透情况来评价木材的防腐可处理性，并测试防腐处理材的耐腐性能，最后对比分析三种木材的孔隙结构特征与防腐可处理性之间的联系。结果表明：大青杨最容易被处理，榆木次之，槐木最难处理。其中，槐木为I级强耐腐木材，榆木和大青杨分别为III级稍耐腐和IV级不耐腐木材，古建筑中替换杨木和榆木构件需要进行防腐处理来提高耐腐性能，且其经过铜唑防腐处理后均可达到强耐腐等级。三种木材的孔隙结构和防腐可处理性结果分析显示：木材中介孔难以被铜唑防腐剂渗透，且孔径在大孔范围分布越大、所占比例越高的木材，其防腐可处理性越强。
Populus
spp.
Ulmus
spp
.
and
Styphnolobium
spp. are the three hardwood species commonly used in ancient buildings in China. To provide a reference for the preservation and restoration of ancient wood buildings
this study evaluated the decay resistance and preservative treatability of three hardwood species. First the decay resistance of the
Styphnolobium japonica
Ulmus pumila
and
Populus ussuriensis
was determined using the laboratory decay resistance test method
and then the preservative treatability of the wood was evaluated by the net retention and cross-sectional penetration of injected CuAz-4 preservative. The preservative-treated specimens were tested for decay resistance. Finally
the pore structure parameters were quantitatively characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry
to analyze the relationship between the pore structures and their preservative treatability. The results showed that
Populus ussuriensis
was the easiest to treat
Ulmus pumila
was next
and
Styphnolobium japonica
was the most difficult to treat. Among them
Styphnolobium japonica
was a strong decay resistant species (Grade I)
Ulmus pumila
and
Populus ussuriensis
were slightly durable (Grade III) and not durable (Grade IV)
respectively.
Ulmus
spp
.
and
Populus
spp. wood components in ancient buildings needed to be treated to improve decay resistance. After CuAz-4 preservative treatment the wood samples reached the strong decay resistant level. Analysis of the results for pore structure and preservative treatability showed that mesopores were difficult to be penetrated by CuAz-4 preservative
the larger the pore size distribution in the macroporous range
the higher the percentage
the higher the preservative treatability of the wood.
古建筑常用阔叶树材耐腐性能孔隙结构铜唑防腐剂防腐可处理性
commonly used hardwoods in ancient buildingsdecay resistancepore structurecopper azole preservativepreservative treatability
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