1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2.中国文物信息咨询中心（国家文物局数据中心），北京 100029
3.北京市文物建筑保护设计所，北京 100050
4.中国文物保护基金会，北京 100009
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马星霞,乔云飞,黎冬青等.古建筑木构件生物危害预防性保护体系框架构建[J].木材科学与技术,2023,37(01):83-90.
MA Xingxia,QIAO Yunfei,LI Dongqing,et al.Biological Hazard Prevention and Protection System for Wood Components in Ancient Buildings[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2023,37(01):83-90.
木构件是木结构古建筑组成的基本单元和基本要素，木构件因腐朽和虫蛀导致木材降解和力学性能降低，影响木结构建筑安全。建立木构件预防性保护体系，研究预防性保护技术，为延长木构件的在役寿命、保证古建筑结构安全、更好地继承和传承中华古建筑文明奠定基础。本文在综述古建筑木构件的病虫害发生种类、发生原因、发生风险的基础上，从不可移动文物风险管理体系中的风险评估、风险检测、风险预防和应急管理等方面构建我国古建筑木构件生物危害预防性保护体系框架，并围绕生物危害预防性保护框架阐述已有的研究成果，展望未来关键技术研究重点。
China’s ancient buildings are characterized by wooden structures, using a large number of wood components inside. Wood components are the basic units and elements of ancient buildings. The biological properties of wood components are easily rotted by fungi and insects, which shorten service life and affect the safety of wooden structures. The rotted old wood components have to be replaced, resulting in the loss of historical information. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a biological hazard prevention-and-protection system for wood components and develop prevention and protection technologies, in order to prolong the service life of wood components and better inherit Chinese traditional architectural civilization culture. This paper summarizes the information on wood species and reasons and risks of biological hazards of traditional building wood components. The framework of biological hazard prevention-and-protection system was proposed for ancient building wood components in China on the basis of the risk management system of immovable cultural heritage against natural hazards with risk assessment, risk monitoring, risk prevention, and emergency management. At last, the further research focusing on the prevention and protection is also discussed.
古建筑木构件生物危害生物风险风险管理预防性保护
ancient buildingswood componentsbiological hazardbiological riskrisk managementprevention-and-protection system
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