1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
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袁霄,陈勇平,郭文静.古建筑木结构多发残损的特征及防控分析[J].木材科学与技术,2021,35(05):54-59.
YUAN Xiao,CHEN Yong-ping,GUO Wen-jing.Features and Prevention of Common Damages in Ancient Timber Structures[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2021,35(05):54-59.
以古建筑木结构的现场勘察大数据为研究对象，通过构件外部开裂、竖向变形、隐蔽处腐朽、内部腐朽、虫蛀等残损信息的统计分析，开展古建筑木结构多发残损的特征和防控研究。研究发现，构件的开裂大多并不影响结构安全，但应关注大跨度梁和枋的竖向变形及其下部是否存在断裂迹象；构件的腐朽多出现在埋墙柱和檩的隐蔽处，主要因潮湿和通风不良等环境所致；构件的虫害防治应防重于治，其害虫多来源于原木料、修缮木料或其他木质材料等。通过研究分析木结构古建筑中影响结构安全的残损特征和残损区域，并根据残损成因分析提出针对性防控措施，可更好地保护木结构古建筑。
The data from on-site investigation of ancient timber structures were taken as the research objects. The features of common wood damages of the ancient timber structures were analyzed by means of statistical and analytical research on exterior cracks, vertical deformation, hidden decay, internal decay, and insect damage of wooden components. The results indicated that the exterior cracks of wooden components did not affect the safety of the timber structure, but the effects of vertical deformation and bottom splits on long span beams need to be further analyzed. The wood decay often occured in embedded columns and purlins due to the conditions of high moisture and poor ventilation. The prevention of insect damage in wood components is more important than the afterward treatments, since the insects were brought into the structure mainly from the original wood components, repairing wood materials, or other wood-based products. Based on findings of the damage features and locations, which affected the building safety in the ancient timber building, the damage prevention and control plans were proposed to effectively conserve the ancient timber building.
古建筑木结构木材残损防控
ancient timber structurewood damageprevention and control
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