最新刊期
      卷 38 ， 期 4 ， 2024

        HISTORY OF WOOD SCIENCE

      • MA Qing,HAN Yanming,ZHANG Peng,FU Feng
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 1-7(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023160
        摘要：The development of wood science in modern China is the result of the introduction of Western wood science achievements, which the pioneers of Chinese wood science combined with the development of Chinese society through effective theoretical research and practical exploration. This article takes the “Chronologies of Chinese forestry pioneers: TANG Yao, CHENG Junqing, ZHU Huifang, KE Bingfan, GE Mingyu, SHEN Zongqi, WANG Kai” as a source to explain the development and improvement of China’s wood research, as well as the strategic disciplinary structure and resolution of social problems. Entering a new era, China’s wood science sector takes on a new historical mission and responsibility. It is crucial to summarize the practical experience of modern wood research, which highlights its significance for contemporary wood research closely integrating with national strategies and societal needs.  
        关键词：Chinese forestry pioneers;chronologies of seven scientists;wood science in modern China;starting and development;national strategies;societal needs   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097870 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14

        KEY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BASE OF HISTORICAL BUILDING WOOD

      • HUANG Lei,WANG Yuchen,HAN Xu,JIAO Lichao,ZHOU Haibin,ZHANG Jiping
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 8-19(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023124
        Material Application Method and Component Damage Analysis of the Pu-Pai Fang in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda
        摘要：The accumulation of compression and deformation on the transverse grain in Pu-pai Fang is a primary cause of the vertical settlement and damage to the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda structure. It significantly affects the safety performance of the wooden pagoda. In order to study the structure and damage conditions in the wooden pagodas, the number of annual rings, the location of the pith center, and the compression at the pressure of the wood used in each layer were recorded through on-site investigation. The non-destructive testing technology was used to obtain the annual rings of both wide and narrow surfaces and the placement of the wood ends. At the same time, the images of end faces were analyzed to calculate the missing rate and crack rate. The results of the study show that the timber used in Yingxian Pu-pai Fang is Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. which is more than 100 years old. The pith of the wood is in the central position. A certain pattern between the width and narrowness of the timber’s annual rings and the size of the head arrangement of the timber was observed. Wood transverse grain compression damage is the main form of damages in Pu-pai Fang, of which the degree of compression greater than 20% of the components in each bright layer of the inner groove Pu-pai Fang accounted for 50%. The degree of compression in wooden tower Pu-pai Fang continues to increase as it ages. The local compression of the wood is an important reason for the cracking damage on the end faces. The degree of localized compression in the components strongly correlates with the end-cracking fracture rate.  
        关键词：Yingxian wooden pagoda;Pu-pai Fang;timber information;damage analysis;cross-grain compression of wood   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097868 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14

        RESEARCH PAPERS

      • SHAO Kaiqing,SHEN Huajie,ZHU Daigen,ZHANG Fengwu
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 20-27(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024032
        Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Integrated Billiard Cue Based on Finite Element Analysis
        摘要：To explore the basis for material selection of the shaft in billiard cues, this study employs the finite element analysis method to analyze the mechanical properties of billiard cue shafts made from different wood species. There are six materials selected including: Ash (Fraxinus chinensis), Beech (Zelkova schneideriana), Oriental White Oak (Quercus aliena), Maple (Acer mono), Dalbergia odorifera (Dalbergia odorifera), and Walnut (Juglans regia). With the aid of ANSYS Workbench simulation to present the collision situation when the billiard cue strikes the ball, the mechanical properties of billiard cues made of different materials are analyzed. By comparing the speed values obtained by the billiard balls after being struck by different billiard cues, the superiority and inferiority of the force transmission performance of the shafts are determined, and the strength performance is evaluated based on the maximum stress endured by the billiard cues during the striking process. The results show that for the force transmission performance of the billiard cues, the Ash cue can exert the best force transmission performance, while the Dalbergia odorifera cue has the worst force transmission performance. The force transmission performance is negatively correlated with density, ER, ET, μRT, and μLT, but positively correlated with GLT, GLR, and μLR. All six billiard cues have sufficient strength to ensure that the billiard cues will not be damaged when striking the ball.  
        关键词：billiard cue;mechanical properties;finite element analysis   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097866 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • LYU Shaoyi,CHENG Mingjuan,ZHANG Longfei,SHENG Shixiong,YANG Yong,ZHAN Xianxu
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 28-35(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023186
        Nanocellulose Modified Dye Solution and the Light Fastness Performance of Dyed Veneer
        摘要：Three acidic dyes were treated with nanocellulose to obtain well-dispersed nano-modified dye solutions. The dye solutions' particle size dispersion, Zeta potential, and UV-visible light absorption performance were analyzed. The dyeing rate, light fastness, surface chemical structure, and microstructure of the dyed veneer were evaluated. The results showed that the dispersion uniformity and stability of the three dyes after nano modification were improved. After CNC-1% modification, the particle size of the dye significantly decreased, the uniformity of particle size distribution and the absolute value of Zeta potential improved, and the UV-visible light absorption intensity decreased. The dyeing rate of the dyed veneer was enhanced, and the light fastness reached level 4 of “Decorative veneered wood-based panel”. The micro surface of the dyed veneer had fibrous aggregates formed by the combination of nanocellulose and dyes. Higher concentrations of CNC (CNC-4%) increase the adsorption capacity of dyes, leading to an increase in colloidal particles and aggregation, which in turn leads to larger particle size and the lower absolute value of Zeta potential, thereby affects the improvement of dye uptake and light fastness.  
        关键词：dyes;dyed veneer;cellulose nanocrystal;dispersion;light fastness   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097735 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • ZHOU Boxin,DAI Lu,QI Chusheng
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 36-43(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024029
        Molecular Structure and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Birch Enzymatic Lignin
        摘要：To compensate for the lack of tensile strength-related data on wood pseudo in-situ lignin, this study combines ball milling, weak alkaline pretreatment, and enzymatic methods to extract three types of birch (Betula platyphylla) wood lignin: dual-enzyme lignin (DEL), alkaline-treated triple-enzyme lignin (ATEL), and dual-alkaline-treated dual-enzyme lignin (ADEL). Subsequently, the molecular purity, molecular structure, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson' s ratio, and shear modulus of the isolated lignin were tested. The results show that the purities of DEL, ATEL, and ADEL were 48.2%, 99.29%, and 97.79%, respectively. ATEL and ADEL cause minimal chemical degradation of in-situ lignin in birch, exhibiting typical infrared spectroscopic features of hardwood lignin, including representative linkage types such as β-O-4 and β-β bonds, making them suitable for use as pseudo in-situ lignin. At 5% water content, the tensile strengths of DEL, ATEL, and ADEL were 17.14, 5.38, and 5.62 MPa respectively; the elastic modulus were 7.97, 6.36, and 6.23 GPa respectively; the Poisson' s ratios were 0.31, 0.34, and 0.34 respectively; the calculated shear modulus were 3.04, 2.39, and 2.33 GPa respectively. DEL contains a large amount of cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in higher tensile mechanical properties. ATEL and ADEL test data can be used to evaluate the tensile mechanical properties of in-situ birch lignin.  
        关键词：Birch;enzymatic lignin;pseudo in-situ lignin;tensile mechanical properties   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097734 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • WANG Ying,WANG Huishan,LYU Shaoyi,ZHANG Longfei,PENG Limin
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 44-50(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023149
        Modification and Performance of Magnesium Oxychloride Adhesive for Plywood
        摘要：To improve the bonding strength and water resistance of plywood made with magnesium oxychloride adhesive, phosphoric acid and nano-silicon dioxide were used as modifiers. The properties of magnesium oxychloride adhesive and plywood prepared by adding single and composite modifiers were analyzed. The results show that the modification with phosphoric acid and nano-silica can improve the physical and mechanical properties of magnesium oxychloride adhesive. The effect of the composite of the two modifiers with an optimal proportion is better than that of either one single modifier. When phosphoric acid and nano-silica are added at the same time with a ratio of (calculated by MgO mass) 1% and 3% respectively, the softening coefficient of the modified magnesium oxychloride adhesive can reach 0.95. The analysis results from Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope show that the modifier does not chemically react with the magnesium oxychloride adhesive, but changes the state of 518 phase crystals and the filling of pores by nano-particles, which prevents the hydrolysis of 518 phase crystals, inhibits the generation of Mg(OH)2, and forms a denser structure. The dry and wet bonding strengths of plywood prepared with optimal modified magnesium oxychloride adhesive can reach 1.51 and 1.25 MPa, which meets the requirement of ≥0.70 MPa of GB/T 9846—2015 Plywood for general use.  
        关键词：magnesium oxychloride adhesive (MOA);phosphoric acid;nano silica;518 phases;Bond strength;water resistance   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097732 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • WANG Shuping,WANG Hongsong,WEI Renzhong,MA Tonghua,LU Tonghua
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 51-58(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024058
        Manufacture Process and Frost Resistance of Magnesium Oxysulfide Cement-Based Bagasse Board
        摘要：Using untreated bagasse as raw material and magnesium oxysulfide cement as adhesive, a one-step forming method was used to manufacture magnesium oxysulfide cement-based bagasse board (MOCBB). The effects of oxygen sulfur ratio (the ratio of active magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate), binder ratio (the mass ratio of magnesium oxysulfide cement and bagasse), hot pressing temperature, moisture content of raw materials, and types of additives (emulsified paraffin, aluminum hydroxide, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) on the properties of bagasse board were investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of an oxygen-sulfur ratio of 5, a binder ratio of 3∶7, a raw material moisture content of 20%, and a hot pressing temperature of 80 ℃, the density of the MOCBB was 0.86 g/cm3, the modulus of rupture was 16 MPa, the modulus of elasticity was 1 980 MPa, the internal bonding strength was 0.4 MPa, and the 2-hour water thickness swelling rate was 4.6%, which met the physical and mechanical performance requirements of the flame-retardant P2 type fire-retardant particleboard (flame-retardant furniture type particleboard used in the dry state) in GB/T 39032—2020 "“Difficult-flammable particleboard”. The formaldehyde release classification met the ENF level requirements in GB/T 39600—2021 “Formaldehyde emission grading for wood-based panel and finishing products”. The combustion performance met the B1 (B) flame retardant level in GB 8624—2012 “Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products”. Adding of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as an additive effectively improves the surface frost resistance of MOCBB.  
        关键词：bagasse;magnesium oxysulfide cement;magnesium oxysulfide cement-based bagasse board (MOCBB);combustion performance;frosting;ammonium dihydrogen phosphate   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097733 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • HAN Liping,SHAO Chuang,JIANG Mingliang,ZHANG Jingpeng
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 59-65(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023166
        UV Degradation Characteristic of 3-Iodo-2-Propynyl Butylcarbamate （IPBC） in Solutions and Treated Wood
        摘要：The ultraviolet (UV) photolysis characteristics of 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) in different solutions and treated wood were studied. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate the effects of UV wavelength, irradiation intensity, solvent type, initial mass concentration of IPBC, and irradiation time on the UV degradation performance of IPBC in solutions, as well as the effects of temperature and initial moisture content on the UV degradation performance of IPBC in treated wood. Finally, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to identify the UV degradation products of IPBC in n-hexane. The results showed that as the wavelength of UV decreases, the irradiation intensity increases and the irradiation time prolongs, the retention rate of IPBC decreases; the order of UV degradation rate of IPBC in different solvents was n-hexane > methanol > water. The UV degradation rate of IPBC in solution was in accordance with the first-order kinetic model (R2＞0.99). Raising the temperature and increasing the initial moisture content of wood promotes the UV degradation of IPBC in wood. Eight types of UV degradation products of IPBC were identified. This study provided a theoretical basis for the UV degradation of the IPBC-treated wood in outdoor applications.  
        关键词：IPBC;UV degradation;degradation kinetics;degradation products;wood   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097731 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      • ZHANG Xin,SONG Jiyuan,DING Tao,WANG Lei,LI Wei,ZHOU Zhaobing
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 66-71(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024057
        Study on Uniformity of the Airflow Field in a Turbulent Ball Tower for Purification of Hot Press Exhaust Gas from Fiberboard Manufacturing
        摘要：To improve the purification efficiency of the turbulent ball tower for removing formaldehyde from fiberboard hot pressing exhaust gas, the authors evaluated the effect of the perforation ratio of the support plate on the uniformity of the gas flow field inside the tower. The results showed that the support plate’s perforation ratio had a significant impact on the velocity distribution and pressure consumption of the gas flow field inside the tower. When the perforation ratio of the support plate was 53.3%, the uniformity of the airflow field reached its optimum (CV value of 0.295), and the pressure consumption was relatively small at 32 Pa, which could effectively drive the packing balls into a fluidized state uniformly. The verification experiment showed that the average concentration of formaldehyde at the outlet of the turbulence tower decreased compared to before the improvement, and the purification efficiency of the device was significantly improved. The result provides research ideas and experimental data for the optimization design of other structures in the turbulence tower of the exhaust purification system for fiberboard production.  
        关键词：fiberboard;turbulent ball tower;perforation ratio of the support plate;airflow uniformity;Numerical simulation   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097894 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14

        DISCUSSION ＆SUGGESTION

      • LIU Ru,SUN Yuhui,LONG Ling,FU Qiuxia
        Vol. 38, Issue 4, Pages: 72-78(2024) DOI: 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023129
        Research Progress on Technology of Decorative Skin-Tactile Surface for Panel Furniture
        摘要：With the development of technology and people’s living standards, consumers have shifted their perception of wooden home products from “visual” to “tactile”. Skin-tactile wood-based panel products have been developed quickly in recent years. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of technology of decorative skin-tactile panel furniture including the formation mechanisms of skin-tactile surface, production technology of the panel products, and the measurements. Meanwhile, the shortcomings were analyzed and comments were provided for the future developments of skin-tactile panel furniture.  
        关键词：panel furniture;skin-tactile;surface decoration;wrinkled structures   
        2
        |
        0
        |
        0
        <HTML>
        <L-PDF>
        <引用本文> <批量引用> 70097896 false
        发布时间：2024-09-14
      0