Degradation Mechanism of Wooden Components from Guhuaxuan in the Palace Museum: Interactive Action between Chemical Composition and Microstructure

CHENG Liting; DUAN Hongying; YANG Zhiguo; CHEN Yuan; WANG Yuchen

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025134

KEY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BASE OF HISTORICAL BUILDING WOOD | Views : 0 下载量: 11 CSCD: 0 CNKI被引量: 0 Crossref: 0 Wos: 0 Scopus: 0 更多指标

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Degradation Mechanism of Wooden Components from Guhuaxuan in the Palace Museum: Interactive Action between Chemical Composition and Microstructure
1.Department of Cultural Heritage Preservation Standards，The Palace Museum，Beijing 100009，China
2.Department of Ancient Architecture，The Palace Museum，Beijing 100009，China
3.KUNLUN Digital Technology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100007，China
4.Research Institute of Wood Industry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China
Vol. 40, Issue 2, Pages: 1-11(2026)
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025134
稿件说明：

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程丽婷,段鸿莺,杨志国等.故宫古华轩木构件材料性能劣化机制：化学组分与微观结构的协同作用[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(02):1-11. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025134.

CHENG Liting,DUAN Hongying,YANG Zhiguo,et al.Degradation Mechanism of Wooden Components from Guhuaxuan in the Palace Museum: Interactive Action between Chemical Composition and Microstructure[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(02):1-11. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025134.

摘要

古建筑木构件材料性能与其化学组分和微观结构的动态演变密切相关。为探究材料性能劣化机理，以故宫古华轩檐檩硬木松（

Pinus

spp.）木构件为研究对象，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电镜（SEM）等多尺度表征手段，系统分析纤维素、半纤维素及木质素的降解特征，探究其与木构件密度、弹性模量（

）等宏观性能的关联性，并揭示檐檩沿距离墙体位置梯度（近柱端、中端、近墙端）的劣化差异规律。结果表明：该檐檩无太阳光直射且整体通风较好，但其材性劣化仍呈现显著的位置差异，中端（D）劣化程度高于近墙端（G）和近柱端（A），纤维素与半纤维素在近墙端降解明显；α-纤维素对材性影响最显著（与弹性模量相关系数

=0.91，

²=0.83），纤维素结晶度下降导致密度与弹性模量协同劣化；局部微环境是驱动不同位置木构件劣化差异的核心因素。研究揭示无直射光照、良好通风环境下硬木松构件劣化过程中化学组分演化与微观结构损伤的协同作用机制，并基于纤维素结晶度及化学组分降解特征构建可量化的古建筑木构件劣化评估框架，为同类文物建筑的科学修复与保护提供支撑。

Abstract

The mechanical properties of wooden components from ancient buildings are closely related to the dynamic evolution of their chemical components and microstructure. To investigate the deterioration mechanism of material properties

this study took the eave purlin of Guhuaxuan in the Palace Museum as the research object. Multi-scale characterization methods

including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

X-ray diffraction (XRD)

and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

were used to analyze the degradation characteristics of cellulose

hemicellulose

and lignin. The correlations between these components and mechanical properties such as density and modulus of elasticity (

) were explored

and the gradient deterioration patterns along the eave purlin at different positions relative to the wall (near column

mid-span

and near wall) were analyzed. The results showed that although the eave purlin was free from direct sunlight and generally well-ventilated

its mechanical deterioration still exhibited significant positional differences: the deterioration degree at the mid-span (D) was slightly higher than that at the near-wall end (G)

and the near-column end (A) showed the slightest deterioration. Cellulose and hemicellulose degrade significantly at the near-wall end. α-cellulose had the most significant effect on the mech

anical properties

with a correlation coefficient of

=0.91 (

²=0.83) for

and the decrease in its crystallinity directly led to the deterioration of density and

. The local microenvironment was found to be the core factor driving the differential deterioration of wooden components at different positions. This study revealed the interactive actions between chemical component degradation and microstructure evolution during the deterioration of wooden components under conditions free of direct sunlight and with good ventilation

providing a quantitative evaluation framework for the restoration of ancient architectural wood components based on cellulose crystallinity and chemical degradation.

关键词

Keywords

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