Surface Defect Detection of Surface-Decorated Wood-Based Panels Based on YOLO11-SDP Model

HAN Jiakai; LYU Bin; WANG Xiaohuan; ZHANG Wei; XU Kai; DIAO Xingliang; JI Min; WANG He

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025128

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Surface Defect Detection of Surface-Decorated Wood-Based Panels Based on YOLO11-SDP Model
1.Research Institute of Wood Industry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China
2.Research and Development Center for Forestry and Grassland Equipment，Research Institute of Wood Industry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Beijing 100091，China
3.HAPCO Machinery Co.，Ltd，Suzhou 215000，Jiangsu，China
Vol. 40, Issue 2, Pages: 88-97(2026)
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025128
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

韩佳锴,吕斌,王晓欢等.基于YOLO11-SDP模型的饰面人造板表面缺陷检测研究[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(02):88-97. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025128.

HAN Jiakai,LYU Bin,WANG Xiaohuan,et al.Surface Defect Detection of Surface-Decorated Wood-Based Panels Based on YOLO11-SDP Model[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(02):88-97. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025128.

摘要

饰面人造板作为家居行业的核心原材料，其表面缺陷检测是质量管控的关键环节。当前基于机器视觉与YOLO系列深度学习检测方法已得到广泛应用，但在精确率、召回率等关键指标上仍有提升空间，且在设备资源受限场景下，难以兼顾推理速度与检测性能。为进一步优化模型综合性能，将其应用于饰面人造板表面缺陷检测场景，研究提出YOLO11-SDP检测模型，通过采用数据集Mosaic增强、BiFPN模块替换原有FPN模块、损失函数中引入尺度权重因子等3项组合策略对原有模型进行改进。试验结果表明，改进模型YOLO11-SDP精确率达98.0%、召回率达91.3%，较原始模型YOLO11s分别提升6.8%和6.1%。3项改进措施可有效增强模型对小目标的检测能力，提升模型泛化性与鲁棒性；在综合检测性能提升与资源消耗增加的权衡下，尺度权重因子的优化效果优于BiFPN模块，优于Mosaic增强。同时，YOLO11-SDP模型推理速度满足工业实时检测要求，可用于饰面人造板生产中干花、湿花、污斑、裂缝等常见缺陷的在线检测，为家居建材高质量发展提供技术支撑。

Abstract

Surface-decorated wood-based panels serve as a core raw material in the furniture industry

and surface defect detection is a critical step in quality control. Current detection methods commonly adopt YOLO-based machine vision

yet their performance in terms of precision and recall leave room for improvement. In resource-constrained deployment scenarios

the balance between inference speed and detection accuracy remains unresolved. To enhance the overall performance of existing detection models and apply the algorithm to surface defect detection of decorated wood-based panels

this study proposed an improved YOLO11-SDP (You Only Look Once11-Surface Decorated Panels) detection model. The original detection model was improved via three complementary measures: performing Mosaic augmentation on the dataset

replacing the original Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) module with a BiFPN module

and introducing a scale weight factor into the loss function. Experimental results showed that the improved model achieved a precision of 98.0% and a recall of 91.3%. Compared with the original model

the precision and recall rate were increased by 6.8% and 6.1%

respectively. These three enhancements significantly improved the model's capacity to detect small targets

yielding greater generalization and robustness. When balancing the performance gains against the increased computational cost

the scale weight factor was proved superior to BiFPN

followed by Mosaic augmentation. Furthermore

the detection speed satisfied real-time processing requirements. Consequently

the YOLO11-SDP model was well-suited for the online detection of common defects—including frosting mark

water mark

spots

and crack—in the manufacturing of surface decorated wood-based panels

thereby providing technical support for the high‑quality development of home furnishing and building materials.

关键词

Keywords

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