木塑复合材料超临界CO₂辅助低温切削性能研究

张丰; 李小娟; 张天揽; 郭勇; 庆振华; 朱兆龙

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026056

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木塑复合材料超临界CO₂辅助低温切削性能研究
Cryogenic Cutting Performance of Wood Plastic Composites Assisted by Supercritical CO₂
1.南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院，江苏南京 210037
2.成都壹佰科技有限公司，四川成都 611332
3.安徽农业大学材料与化学学院，安徽合肥 230036
4.合肥工业大学机械工程学院，安徽合肥 230009
5.南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院，江苏南京 210037
2026年40卷第4期页码：68-76
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026056
稿件说明：

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张丰,李小娟,张天揽等.木塑复合材料超临界CO₂辅助低温切削性能研究[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(04):68-76. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026056.

Zhang Feng,Li Xiaojuan,Zhang Tianlan,et al.Cryogenic Cutting Performance of Wood Plastic Composites Assisted by Supercritical CO₂[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(04):68-76. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026056.

摘要

为探究低温切削技术对木塑复合材料（wood plastic composite，WPC）加工性能的影响，以60目杨木（

Populus

sp.）粉与高密度聚乙烯（high-density polyethylene，HDPE）共混制备、密度为1.24 g/cm

的WPC为研究对象，在环境温度为10 ℃条件下，采用硬质合金刀具开展超临界CO

辅助低温直角自由切削（简称低温切削）试验，并与干切削进行对比，分析不同切削深度（0.1、0.4和0.7 mm）和切削速度（12.5、17.9和25 m/min）对切削温度、切削力及表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明，低温切削的切削温度、切削力和表面粗糙度均显著低于干切削（

0.05），最大降幅分别为22.92%、33.54%和22.95%。低温切削和干切削的切削温度、切削力和表面粗糙度，均随着切削深度和切削速度的增大而增加。三因素方差分析表明，切削方式、切削速度和切削深度对切削温度、切削力和表面粗糙度均有显著影响（

0.05）；对于二因素交互作用，仅切削温度与切削深度的交互作用对表面粗糙度具有显著影响（

0.05），其余均不显著（

0.05）。环境扫描电子显微镜（environmental scanning electron microscopy，ESEM）观察结果显示，在相同切削深度和切削速度下，WPC低温切削时产生的加工表面毛刺和凹坑更少，这是因为低温切削可显著降低切削区域温度（

0.05），减弱材料黏附及高密度聚乙烯HDPE基体塑性流动，维持木粉/HDPE界面稳定性，进而改善WPC的切削稳定性和加工表面质量。研究阐明低温切削条件下WPC表面质量改善的作用机制，可为木塑复合材料的高效加工提供理论依据。

Abstract

To investigate the effects of cryogenic cutting on the cutting performance of wood-plastic composites (WPCs)

orthogonal free cutting tests were conducted using a cemented carbide cutting tool

under supercritical CO₂ assisted cryogenic conditions

with dry cutting used for comparison. The effects of cutting depth (0.1

0.4

and 0.7 mm) and cutting speed (12.5

17.9

and 25 m/min) on cutting temperature

cutting force

and surface roughness were systematically evaluated. The results showed that supercritical CO₂-assisted cryogenic cutting significantly reduced cutting temperature

cutting force

and surface roughness compared with dry cutting (

0.05)

with maximum reductions of 22.92%

33.54%

and 22.95%

respectively. Under both dry and cryogenic cutting conditions

cutting temperature

cutting force

and surface roughness increased with increasing cutting depth and cutting speed. Three-factor analysis of variance showed that cutting condition

cutting speed

and cutting depth significantly affected all three response variables (

0.05). Among the two-factor interactions

only the interaction between cutting condition and cutting depth had a significant effect on surface roughness (

0.05)

whereas the other interactions were not significant (

0.05). Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed fewer burrs and pits on surfaces produced by cryogenic cutting than on those produced by dry cutting at the same cutting depth and cutting speed. This improvement was attributed to the reduction in cutting-zone temperature

which suppressed material adhesion and plastic flow of the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix while helping maintain the stability of the wood flour/HDPE interface. A a cutting depth of 0.1 mm

the cutting speed could therefore be appropriately increased while maintaining acceptable surface quality

thereby balancing cutting quality and efficiency. These findings clarify the mechanism by which supercritical CO₂-assisted cryogenic cutting improves the surface quality of WPCs and provide a theoretical basis for their efficient cutting.

关键词

Keywords

references

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