低温NaOH预处理对毛白杨木材细胞壁孔隙结构的影响

张小力; 戴鑫建; 李珠; 王鑫; 王小青

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026049

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低温NaOH预处理对毛白杨木材细胞壁孔隙结构的影响
Effect of Low-Temperature NaOH Pretreatment on the Porous Structure of Populus tomentosa Wood Cell Walls
1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2.南京林业大学，江苏南京 210037
2026年40卷第4期页码：37-44
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026049
稿件说明：

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张小力,戴鑫建,李珠等.低温NaOH预处理对毛白杨木材细胞壁孔隙结构的影响[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(04):37-44. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026049.

Zhang Xiaoli,Dai Xinjian,Li Zhu,et al.Effect of Low-Temperature NaOH Pretreatment on the Porous Structure of Populus tomentosa Wood Cell Walls[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(04):37-44. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026049.

摘要

针对天然木材细胞壁密实、孔隙率低导致其功能化应用受限的问题，采用低温NaOH水溶液对毛白杨（

Populus tomentosa

）木材进行润胀处理，并结合超临界干燥实现木材细胞壁原位造孔，以调控木材细胞壁孔隙结构并提升其比表面积。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、

C核磁共振谱等表征处理材的微观形貌与化学组成，氮气吸附法研究木材细胞壁孔隙结构随处理时间的演变过程，并通过动态水蒸气吸附仪及毛细管上升法探究木材细胞壁原位造孔对其吸湿性与渗透性的影响。结果表明：经低温NaOH处理后，毛白杨木材细胞壁发生充分润胀，其厚度增加约1倍，并形成大量孔径为3~10 nm的介孔；累计孔体积与比表面积均随处理时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势，18 h低温NaOH处理木材的比表面积（110.14 m²/g）和累计孔体积（0.22 cm

/g）达到峰值，分别为天然木材的约72倍和44倍；低温NaOH处理木材的吸湿性与渗透性较天然木材明显提升。本研究采用低成本绿色溶剂预处理实现国产速生杨木细胞壁原位造孔并提升其可及性，为木材细胞壁纳米结构调控及其功能化应用提供新思路。

Abstract

To address the issue that the compact cell walls and low porosity of natural wood limit its functional applications

poplar (

Populus tomentosa

) wood was subjected to swelling treatment with a low-temperature NaOH aqueous solution

combined

with supercritical drying to achieve

in situ

pore formation within the wood cell walls

thereby tailoring the porous structure of the wood cell walls and enhancing their specific surface area. The microstructure and chemical composition of the treated wood were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy

and

C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The nitrogen adsorption method was used to investigate the evolution of the porous structure of wood cell walls with the treated time. The effects of

in situ

pore formation in wood cell walls on their hygroscopicity and permeability were explored using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and capillary rise method. The results showed that the low-temperature NaOH treatment induced pronounced swelling of the wood cell walls

resulting in a doubled cell wall thickness

and the formation of numerous mesopores with the diameter ranging from 3 to 10 nm. Both the cumulative pore volume and the specific surface area showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with prolonged treatment time. The specific surface area and cumulative pore volume of the 18-h-treated wood reached peak values of 110.14 m²/g and 0.22 cm³/g

respectively

approximately 72 and 44 times those of untreated wood. Moreover

the low-temperature NaOH-treated wood showed a significant improvement in hygroscopicity and liquid permeability over the untreated wood. This study employed a low-cost green solvent pretreatment to achieve

in situ

pore formation in domestic fast-growing poplar wood cell walls and enhanced their accessibility

providing new insights for regulating the nanostructure of wood cell walls and advancing their functional applications.

关键词

Keywords

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