竹/木增强蔗渣复合板的界面-结构协同设计与性能研究

雷春光; 陈川富; 廖玉申; 刘健博; 欧荣贤

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026034

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竹/木增强蔗渣复合板的界面-结构协同设计与性能研究
Interface-Structure Synergistic Design and Performance of Bamboo/Wood-Reinforced Sugarcane Bagasse Composite Panels
华南农业大学生物质学院岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室
生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510642
2026年40卷第4期页码：45-58
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026034
稿件说明：

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雷春光,陈川富,廖玉申等.竹/木增强蔗渣复合板的界面-结构协同设计与性能研究[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(04):45-58. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026034.

Lei Chunguang,Chen Chuanfu,Liao Yushen,et al.Interface-Structure Synergistic Design and Performance of Bamboo/Wood-Reinforced Sugarcane Bagasse Composite Panels[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(04):45-58. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2026034.

摘要

针对蔗渣刨花板（sugarcane bagasse particleboard，SBP）界面结合弱、力学性能与隔热、吸声性能难以兼顾的问题，提出界面-结构协同设计策略，制备以毛竹（

Phyllostachys edulis

）竹席（厚度1.0 mm）与毛白杨（

Populus tomentosa

）单板（厚度1.3 mm）组合制成的竹/木复合增强层为表层、碱预处理蔗渣刨花为芯层，厚度为18 mm的竹/木增强蔗渣复合板（bamboo/wood-reinforced sugarcane bagasse particleboard，BWSBP）。考察表层增强、芯层刨花NaOH溶液预处理、芯层铺装结构及芯层密度对复合板性能的影响，并结合扫描电镜观察界面形貌、数字图像相关（digital image correlation，DIC）技术分析弯曲应变场以及剖面密度分布（vertical density profile，VDP）表征厚度方向密度梯度，以阐明协同强化机制。结果表明：NaOH预处理蔗渣刨花能够改善SBP的界面结合和弯曲性能，但单一NaOH预处理蔗渣刨花制备SBP的性能指标达不到GB/T 4897—2015《刨花板》干燥状态下使用的家具型（P2型）要求，更难以满足干燥状态下使用的重载型（P4型）要求。引入竹/木复合增强表层后，BWSBP的静曲强度（modulus of rupture，MOR）、弹性模量（modulus of elasticity，MOE）、内结合强度（internal bond，IB）和24 h吸水厚度膨胀率（thickness swelling rate，TSR）均显著优于

SBP（

＜0.001）。芯层刨花铺装中，细刨花铺装有利于提高刚度，粗刨花铺装有利于提高极限承载，而“表细芯粗”的层配铺装实现强度、刚度与尺寸稳定性的综合优化。VDP和DIC结果表明，BWSBP形成由高密度表层向低密度芯层梯度过渡的应力传递结构，表层承担主要弯曲应力并有效延缓芯层破坏，是性能提升的关键机制。在本试验条件下，以NaOH溶液质量分数0.25%、温度50 ℃、时间1.5 h预处理蔗渣刨花，并采用“表细芯粗”方式层配铺装芯层刨花，制备密度为0.64 g/cm³、厚度18 mm的BWSBP，其MOR、MOE和IB分别为80.2 MPa、8.6 GPa和0.97 MPa，24 h TSR低至4.2%，均达到GB/T 4897—2015重载型（P4型）刨花板的要求；同时，其导热系数为0.142 W/（m·K），在200~1 600 Hz频率范围内平均吸声系数为0.106，基本保持蔗渣材料的隔热与吸声特性，具有隔热与吸声应用潜力。研究通过“界面优化-表层增强-芯层调控”协同作用实现BWSBP性能提升，为农林剩余物基承载型板材的开发提供界面-结构协同设计的新思路。

Abstract

Conventional sugarcane bagasse particleboard (SBP)

a widely studied and low-cost biomass composite derived from sugar-industry residues

faces two interrelated challenges: weak interfacial bonding and inherent trade-offs among mechanical performance

thermal conductivity

and sound absorption. To overcome these limitations

this study proposed a synergistic interface-structural design for fabricating a novel bamboo/wood-reinforced sugarcane bagasse particleboard (BWSBP). The BWSBP consisted of a core layer of alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse particles and bamboo-wood composite reinforcement layers

each comprising a 1.0-mm-thick Moso bamboo mat sandwiched between two 1.3-mm-thick poplar veneers. The effects of face-layer reinforcement

NaOH pretreatment of bagasse particles

core mat structure and core density on BWSBP performance were investigated. The inherent strengthening mechanism was explicitly elucidated via a multi-method characterization framework

including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for interfacial morphology observation

digital image correlation (DIC) for full-field bending strain distribution analysis

and vertical density profile (VDP) testing for through-thickness density gradient quantification. The results showed that NaOH pretreatment of bagasse particles improved the interfacial bonding strength and flexural properties of SBP. However

the modified SBP still failed to meet the requirements for P2-type particlebo

ard stipulated in GB/T 4897—2015

Particleboard

. After introducing the bamboo/wood composite reinforcement layers

the modulus of rupture (MOR)

modulus of elasticity (MOE)

internal bond strength (IB)

and 24-h thickness swelling rate (TSR) of BWSBP were all significantly superior to those of SBP (

0.001). In the core-layer mat

fine-particle furnish was more conducive to enhancing stiffness

whereas coarse-particle furnish was more effective in increasing ultimate load-bearing capacity. A layered configuration featuring fine particles in the outer regions and coarse particles in the core achieved an integrated optimization of strength

stiffness

and dimensional stability. The DIC and VDP results demonstrated that BWSBP formed a interfacial stress-transfer structure with a gradual transition from high-density face layers to a low-density core. The face layers sustained most of the bending stress and effectively delayed the failure progress of the core

constituting the key mechanism underlying the enhanced performance. Under the conditions of this study

sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with 0.25% (mass fraction) NaOH solution at 50 °C for 1.5 h. The mat was then laid in layers

with fine particles in the surface layers and coarse particles in the core layer

to prepare a BWSBP with a density of 0.64 g/cm³ and a thickness of 18 mm. The resulting board exhibited MOR

MOE and IB values of 80.2 MPa

8.6 GPa and 0.97 MPa

respectively

and a 24-h TSR of 4.2%. These values all exceeded the requirements for heavy-duty P4-type particleboard intended for use under dry conditions

as stipulated in GB/T 4897—2015. Meanwhile

its average thermal conductivity was only 0.142 W/(m·K)

and average sound absorption coefficient over the frequency range of 200~1 600 Hz was 0.106

effectively retaining the thermal insulation and sound absorption characteristics of bagasse and demonstrating promising potential for thermal and acoustic insulation applications. The high performance of BWSBP resul

ted from the synergistic effects of interface-structural optimization

mat-structure configuration

and density distribution

providing a new interface-structural synergistic design approach for developing load-bearing panels from agricultural and forestry residues.

关键词

Keywords

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