自致密透明木材膜的制备及性能

何鸿庆; 张显权; 戚后娟

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025130

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自致密透明木材膜的制备及性能
Preparation and Performance of Self-Densified Transparent Wood Film
东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
2026年40卷第1期页码：57-66
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025130
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何鸿庆,张显权,戚后娟.自致密透明木材膜的制备及性能[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(01):57-66. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025130.

HE Hongqing,ZHANG Xianquan,QI Houjuan.Preparation and Performance of Self-Densified Transparent Wood Film[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(01):57-66. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025130.

摘要

为在保持木材结构完整的前提下实现自致密，采用亚氯酸钠（NaClO₂）与氢氧化钠（NaOH）处理脱除轻木（

Ochroma lagopus

）木质素与半纤维素，结合大气干燥制备自致密透明木材膜（transparent wood film，TWF）。研究脱木质素过程中亚氯酸钠质量分数、加热时间与温度对TWF成膜率的影响，确定最佳条件为：亚氯酸钠溶液质量分数2%、加热时间2 h、温度90 °C。在此条件下制备的自致密TWF密度达0.79 g/cm

，分别为天然木材（natural wood，NW）的3.76倍和脱木质素木材（delignified wood，DW）的4.39倍；光学透过率达60.37%，分别为NW的10.74倍和DW的5.4倍；拉伸强度为306.03 MPa，分别为NW的19.80倍和DW的8.84倍。采用折叠耐力测试仪，在4.91 N载荷条件下对厚度均为0.1 mm的TWF与A4纸进行循环折叠对比测试，以长度平行纤维方向的木片制备的纵向自致密透明木材膜（TWF-L）的循环折叠次数达231次，为A4纸的1.56倍。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表征显示，脱木质素处理保留木材细胞壁多孔结构并暴露更多羟基，有利于自致密化。该自致密透明木材膜兼具优异的光学性能和力学性能，且具有可折叠性、可染色性、可书写性及生物降解性，为透明木材的制备提供新思路，展现出在智能包装、柔性传感器、光电器件等领域的应用前景。

Abstract

To achieve self-densification while preserving the integrity of the wood structure

a combined sodium chlorite (NaClO

) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment was employed to remove lignin and hemicelluloses from balsa wood (

Ochroma lagopus

)

followed by air drying to obtain self-densified transparent wood films (TWF). The effects of sodium chlorite concentration

heating time

and temperature during delignification on the film formation yield of the TWF were systematically investigated. The optimal delignification conditions were determined to be 2% of sodium chlorite solution mass fraction

a 2 h heating time

and a temperature of 90 °C. Under these conditions

the resulting self-densified TWF exhibited a density of 0.79 g/cm³

which is 3.76 times higher than that of natural wood (NW) and 4.39 times higher than that of delignified wood (DW). The optical transmittance reached 60.37%

representing 10.74 times that of NW and 5.4 times tha

t of DW. The tensile strength was 306.03 MPa

which is 19.80 times higher than that of NW and 8.84 times higher than that of DW. Cyclic folding endurance tests were performed using a folding endurance tester under a load of 4.91 N on specimens with a uniform thickness of 0.1 mm. The longitudinally oriented self-densified transparent wood film (TWF-L)

prepared from wood slices with fibers aligned parallel to the length direction

endured 231 folding cycles—1.56 times that of A4 paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that the delignification treatment preserved the porous structure of the wood cell walls while exposing additional hydroxyl groups

thereby facilitating self-densification during drying. The obtained self-densified transparent wood film exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as good biodegradability. This approach provides a novel strategy for the preparation of transparent wood and shows promising potential for applications in dyed paper

writing paper

and flexible electronics.

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Keywords

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