基于改性竹质活性炭的净醛抗菌纤维板制备与性能研究

陈朝卉; 郑杰聪; 吕锦程; 张清和; 赵伟刚; 叶新强; 郭飞

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025090

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基于改性竹质活性炭的净醛抗菌纤维板制备与性能研究
Preparation and Performance of Formaldehyde-Scavenging and Antibacterial Fiberboards Incorporating Modified Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon
1.福建农林大学材料工程学院，福建福州 350108
2.福建省永安林业（集团）股份有限公司，福建三明 366000
2026年40卷第1期页码：67-73
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025090
稿件说明：

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陈朝卉,郑杰聪,吕锦程等.基于改性竹质活性炭的净醛抗菌纤维板制备与性能研究[J].木材科学与技术,2026,40(01):67-73. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025090.

CHEN Zhaohui,ZHENG Jiecong,LYU Jincheng,et al.Preparation and Performance of Formaldehyde-Scavenging and Antibacterial Fiberboards Incorporating Modified Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2026,40(01):67-73. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025090.

摘要

先后采用铜氨络合物和2-咪唑烷酮（ethyleneurea，EU）对竹质活性炭（bamboo-based activated carbon，BAC）进行改性，得到铜基抗菌活性炭（简称Cu/BAC）和净醛抗菌活性炭（简称Cu/EU/BAC），并将竹质活性炭添加到施胶后的木纤维中，制备具有抗菌功能的纤维板（简称Cu/BAC-FB）和净醛抗菌功能的纤维板（简称Cu/EU/BAC-FB）。微观形貌和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析结果显示，改性处

理后的竹质活性炭成功负载CuO和2-咪唑烷酮。添加6%（纤维绝干质量）改性竹质活性炭后，纤维板的弹性模量和静曲强度较对照组（未添加竹质活性炭）显著下降（

＜0.05），内结合强度无显著性差异（

0.05），但各性能指标均满足GB/T 11718—2021《中密度纤维板》中干燥状态使用的普通型中密度纤维板的要求；按照GB/T 18204.2—2025《公共场所卫生检验

方法

第2部分：化学性指标》中“酚试剂分光光度法”进行测试，结果显示添加未改性竹质活性炭制备纤维板（简称BAC-FB）的24 h甲醛净化率为16.9%，而Cu/EU/BAC-FB的24 h甲醛净化率达到85.9%；按照GB/T 21551.2—2024《家用和类似用途电器的抗菌、除菌、净化功能第2部分：抗菌材料的特殊要求》中“吸收法”测试纤维板对金黄色葡萄球菌（

Staphylococcus aureus

）和大肠杆菌（

Escherichia coli

）的抗菌性能，结果表明BAC-FB对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率分别为31.3%和19.3%，而Cu/EU/BAC-FB对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率均高于99%，达到LY/T 1926—2020《人造板与木（竹）制品抗菌性能检测与分级》中Ⅰ级强抗菌人造板的要求。研究为开发兼具抗菌和净醛功能的纤维板提供思路。

Abstract

Bamboo-based activated carbon (BAC) was modified with a copper-ammonia complex and ethyleneurea (EU) to obtain copper-based antibacterial activated carbon (Cu/BAC) and formaldehyde-scavenging antibacterial activated carbon (Cu/EU/BAC). The modified and unmodified BAC were incorporated into resin-treated wood fibers to prepare fiberboards with antibacterial and formaldehyde-scavenging functions (Cu/BAC-FB and Cu/EU/BAC-FB). The results of microstructure and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the modified BAC was successfully loaded with CuO and EU. When 6% (based on the oven-dry fiber mass) modified BAC was added

the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the fiberboards were decreased significantly compared with those of the control group (without bamboo activated carbon)(

0.05)

whereas no significant difference was observed in internal bond strength (

0.05). However

all performance indicators met the requirements for general-purpose medium-density fiberboards for use in dry conditions as specified in GB/T 11718—2021“

Medium-density fiberboard

”. According to the phenol reagent spectrophotometric method specified in GB/T 18204.2—2025 “

Examination methods for public places—Part

Chemical pollutants

”

the 24 h formaldehyde removal rate of the fiberboard containing unmodified BAC (BAC-FB) was 16.9%

whereas that of Cu/EU/BAC-FB reached 85.9%. The antibacterial performance of the fiberboards against

Staphylococcus aureus

and

Escherichia coli

were evaluated using the absorption method in GB/T 21551.2—2024“

Antibacterial

sterilization

and purification functions of household and similar electrical appliances Part

Special requirements for antibacterial materials

”. BAC-FB showed antibacterial rates of 31.3% and 19.3% against

Staphylococcus aureus

and

Escherichia coli

respectively

whereas Cu/EU/BAC-FB showed antibacterial rates higher than 99% against

Staphylococcus aureus

and

Escherichia coli

meeting the requirements for Grade I strong antibacterial wood-based panels in LY/T 1926—2020“

Testing and evaluation of antibacterial properties of wood-based panels and wooden (bamboo) products

”. This study provides a practical basis for developing fiberboards with integrated antibacterial and formaldehyde-scavenging properties.

关键词

Keywords

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