基于有限元分析古建筑抬梁式木构架的蠕变行为

沈华杰; 白彩霞; 邵凯青; 杨玉山; 邱坚; 丁榕锋; 黄东海; 孙悦

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025069

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基于有限元分析古建筑抬梁式木构架的蠕变行为
Creep Behavior of the Beam-Lifting Timber Frames of Ancient Building Using Finite Element Analysis
1.福建理工大学设计学院，福建福州 350118
2.西南林业大学机械与交通学院，云南昆明 650224
3.西南林业大学材料与化学工程学院，云南昆明 650224
2025年39卷第5期页码：49-57
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025069
稿件说明：

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沈华杰,白彩霞,邵凯青等.基于有限元分析古建筑抬梁式木构架的蠕变行为[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(05):49-57. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025069.

SHEN Huajie,BAI Caixia,SHAO Kaiqing,et al.Creep Behavior of the Beam-Lifting Timber Frames of Ancient Building Using Finite Element Analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(05):49-57. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025069.

摘要

以直榫节点连接的杉木（

Cunninghamia lanceolata

）抬梁式木构架为原型，运用Solidworks软件构建三维数字化模型，通过有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench仿真分析结构的极限载荷承载能力、安全载荷、允许形变范围，以及在蠕变行为作用下应变随时间的变化规律，最后采用Findley幂律模型进行拟合分析，揭示木构架在不同载荷下蠕变效应导致的应变演化规律以及性能退化机理。结果表明：当木构架载荷达到最大安全载荷及极限载荷时，直榫节点处会最先屈服或破坏；在稳态蠕变阶段不同载荷下，结构的蠕变应变均与时间呈线性正相关；在相同载荷下，节点处金柱的应变增长率大于五架梁的应变增长率。研究结果为古建筑木构架的载荷阈值设定和维护策略提供参考。

Abstract

Among various types of historical architecture

beam-lifting timber frames

especially those used in traditional wooden structures in China

are the key components. The beam-lifting timber frame structure is known for its spacious internal layout and large load-bearing capacity

which are critical factors for its large-span use. However

there is limited research on the creep behavior of these timber frames over long-term loading situation

especially at the critical joint areas where significant stress concentration occurs. Based on the prototype of a Chinese fir (

Cunninghamia lanceolata

) beam-lifting timber frame connected by straight tenon joints

a three-dimensional digital model was constructed using Solidworks software. The finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench was employed to simulate and analyze the load capacity

allowable deformation limit

and the variation of strain over time during creep. Finally

the Findley's power law model was used to analyze the strain evolution law and performance degradation mechanism caused by

the creep in the wooden frame under various load levels. The results showed that the straight tenon joint area was the most vulnerable part of the timber frame

as it yielded first when the load reached the load limit. Additionally

the steady-state creep stage showed that the creep strain was linearly related to time under various loads

highlighting the progressive deformation of the structure. Notably

under the same load

the strain growth rate at the node of the golden column was significantly greater than that of the five-beam structure

indicating that the column experiences more pronounced creep deformation due to the axial pressure it bore. This finding suggested that the column was more susceptible to long-term load-induced deformation than other parts of the structure. This research provided a reference for understanding the impact of long-term loading and creep on the mechanical properties of timber joints

specifically straight tenon joints

in ancient buildings. It also offered valuable insights into the load threshold setting and maintenance strategies for the conservation of timber frame historical wooden structures.

关键词

Keywords

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