我国云南10种阔叶树种心材天然耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究

姜珲; 李惠; 方旋; 潘泽宇; 马星霞

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025059

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我国云南10种阔叶树种心材天然耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究
Natural Decay Resistance and Preservative Treatability of Heartwood from Ten Hardwood Species Grown in Yunnan Province, China
中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2025年39卷第6期页码：62-69
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025059
稿件说明：

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姜珲,李惠,方旋等.我国云南10种阔叶树种心材天然耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(06):62-69. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025059.

JIANG Hui,LI Hui,FANG Xuan,et al.Natural Decay Resistance and Preservative Treatability of Heartwood from Ten Hardwood Species Grown in Yunnan Province, China[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(06):62-69. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025059.

摘要

以我国云南地区木材性质前期调查基础薄弱且具有一定经济开发潜力的10种阔叶树种为研究对象，分别采用GB/T 13942.1—2009《木材耐久性能第1部分：天然耐腐性实验室试验方法》和CEN/TR 14734：2004“

Durability of wood and wood-based products-Determination of treatability of timber species to be impregnated with wood preservatives-Laboratory method

”，评估其心材天然耐腐性和防腐可处理性。结果表明：樟科的5个树种刀把木（

Cinnamomum pittosporoides

）、茶果樟（

Cinnamomum chago

）、黄心树（

Machilus gamblei）

、香面叶（

Iteadaphne caudata

）和多果新木姜子（

Neolitsea polycarpa

）均表现出较差的天然耐腐性（IV级不耐腐）；壳斗科的5个树种间存在差异，其中壶壳柯（

Lithocarpus echinophorus

）为IV级不耐腐，褐叶青冈（

Quercus stewardiana

）为III级稍耐腐，硬壳柯（

Lithocarpus hancei

）和木果柯（

Lithocarpus xylocarpus

）为II级耐腐，而腾冲栲（

Castanopsis wattii

）为I级强耐腐。在防腐可处理性方面，樟科树种刀把木、黄心树和香面叶为较易处理树种，茶果樟和多果新木姜子为难处理树种；而壳斗科腾冲栲和木果柯属于极难处理树种，壶壳柯属于较易处理树种，褐叶青冈和硬壳柯介于两者之间。部分难处理树种心材除了整体渗透深度较低外，普遍出现条带状不均匀渗透的现象。总体而言，所选树种心材的天然耐腐性与渗透深度之间呈中等程度的正相关关系（径向

=0.71、弦向

=0.61），耐腐性强的树种心材呈现渗透深度较浅、可处理性差的特点。研究结果为国产木材资源的合理利用提供基础数据和科学依据。

Abstract

The natural decay resistance and preservative treatability of the heartwood of ten hardwood species growing in Yunnan

China

were evaluated in this study based on Chinese standards. The studies on these heartwood woo

d species were

in terms of wood properties and economic development potential

limited. The results indicated that there were significant differences in natural decay resistance and treatability among these wood species. Five species from the Lauraceae family were not or slightly resistant

classified as IV (not resistant)

including

Cinnamomum pittosporoides

Cinnamomum chago

Machilus gamblei

Iteadaphne caudata

and

Neolitsea polycarpa

. There were differences among the other five species in the Fagaceae family

with

Castanopsis wattii

reaching the highest resistance level (I

strongly decay resistant)

followed by

Lithocarpus hancei

and

Lithocarpus xylocarpus

(II

resistant)

Quercus stewardiana

(III

moderately decay resistant)

and

Lithocarpus echinophorus

(IV

not resistant). In terms of treatability

Lauraceae species

such as

Cinnamomum pittosporoides

Machilus gamblei

and

Iteadaphne caudata

were moderately easy to treat

while

Cinnamomum chago

and

Neolitsea polycarpa

were difficult to treat. Among the Fagaceae species

Castanopsis wattii

and

Lithocarpus xylocarpus

were extremely difficult to treat

Lithocarpus echinophorus

was moderately easy to treat

Quercus stewardiana

and

Lithocarpus hancei

were intermediate between the two extremes. Some difficult-to-treat wood species exhibited not only lower overall penetration depth but also strip-like uneven penetration in their heartwood. Overall

a moderate positive correlation was observed between natural decay resistance and preservative penetration depth in the heartwood of the selected species (

=0.71 in the radial direction and

=0.61 in the tangential direction). The species with higher

decay resistance were generally characterized by shallower penetration depth and poorer treatability. This study provided a database for the optimal utilization of domestic wood resources.

关键词

Keywords

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