适用于古建筑木构件木蜂危害防治的驱避剂筛选与木材处理研究

李嘉欣; 李惠; 潘泽宇; 邵闯; 马星霞

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025039

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适用于古建筑木构件木蜂危害防治的驱避剂筛选与木材处理研究
Screening of Carpenter Bee Repellents for Ancient Building Wooden Components and Their Applicability in Wood Treatment
中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2025年39卷第5期页码：58-65
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025039
稿件说明：

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李嘉欣,李惠,潘泽宇等.适用于古建筑木构件木蜂危害防治的驱避剂筛选与木材处理研究[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(05):58-65. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025039.

LI Jiaxin,LI Hui,PAN Zeyu,et al.Screening of Carpenter Bee Repellents for Ancient Building Wooden Components and Their Applicability in Wood Treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(05):58-65. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025039.

摘要

木蜂建筑巢穴对木结构古建筑造成的危害越来越严重，但木蜂作为传粉昆虫，不宜简单使用杀虫剂进行灭杀处理，可使用驱避剂改变其筑巢行为。研究以黄胸木蜂（

Xylocopa appendiculata

）与赤足木蜂（

Xylocopa rufipes

）为试验对象，通过双向嗅觉仪筛选高效驱避剂及其最佳作用质量分数，评估驱避剂在杉木（

Cunninghamia lanceolata

）中的渗透性、负载量及挥发性，并测定处理后木材的驱避效果。结果表明：

-水芹烯（9%）、薄荷挥发油（80%）、乙酸苄酯（2%）和苯甲酸苄酯（10%）可对黄胸木蜂达到Ⅳ级驱避，薄荷挥发油（80%）和苯甲酸苄酯（10%）可对赤足木蜂达到Ⅳ级驱避；质量浓度为0.09 kg/m³的乙酸苄酯和0.48 kg/m³的苯甲酸苄酯处理材对黄胸木蜂可达Ⅳ级驱避；质量浓度为0.28 kg/m³的柠檬烯和0.71 kg/m³的苯甲酸苄酯处理材对赤足木蜂达到Ⅲ级驱避；以上3种驱避剂处理材可维持至少10 d的驱避效果。探索的古建筑木构件木蜂危害生态防治技术为木结构古建筑保护提供新的思路和实践方案。

Abstract

In recent years

the nesting behavior of carpenter bees in wooden structural components has emerged as a significant conservation challenge for ancient timber buildings. As vital pollinators

these insects cannot be indiscriminately eliminated with conventional insecticides. Instead

an eco-friendly mitigation strategy involves the use of behavioral repellents to alter their nesting behavior

thereby reducing their impact on historical wooden structures while preserving their ecological role. This study targeting on two species

Xylocopa appendiculata

and

Xylocopa rufipes

employs a dual-choice olfactometer to screen highly effective repellent and determine their optimal mass fraction. The permeab

ility

loading capacity

and volatility of these repellents in Chinese fir were evaluated

and the repellent efficacy of the treated wood was comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrated that

-phellandrene (9%)

menthol volatile oil (80%)

benzyl acetate (2%) and benzyl benzoate (10%) exhibited Grade IV repellency against

Xylocopa appendiculata

while menthol volatile oil (80%) and benzyl benzoate (10%) exhibited Grade IV of repellency against

Xylocopa rufipes

. Wood treated with benzyl acetate (0.09 kg/m³) and benzyl benzoate (0.48 kg/m³) exhibited Grade IV of repellency against

Xylocopa appendiculata

while limonene (0.28 kg/m³) and benzyl benzoate (0.71 kg/m³) treated wood exhibited Grade III against

Xylocopa rufipes

. These three formulations maintained persistent repellent effects for at least 10 days. This study explores eco-friendly control techniques for mitigating carpenter bees (

Xylocopa

spp.) to prevent damage to wooden components in historic buildings

offering novel theoretical and practical approaches to the conservation of ancient timber structures.

关键词

Keywords

references

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