基于空气与蒸汽介质组成比及其压力调控的木材压缩变形永久固定

黄荣凤; 何啸宇; 王艳伟; 孙龙祥; 黎静; 侯晓鹏; 陈章景

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025012

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基于空气与蒸汽介质组成比及其压力调控的木材压缩变形永久固定
Permanent Setting of Compressive Deformation in Surface-Compressed Wood through Regulation of Air-Steam Medium Composition and Pressure
1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所；国家林业和草原局木材科学与技术重点实验室，北京 100091
2.久盛地板有限公司，浙江南浔 313009
3.弗吉尼亚理工学院，美国布莱克斯堡 VA24061
2025年39卷第4期页码：1-20
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025012
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黄荣凤,何啸宇,王艳伟等.基于空气与蒸汽介质组成比及其压力调控的木材压缩变形永久固定[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(04):1-20. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025012.

HUANG Rongfeng,HE Xiaoyu,WANG Yanwei,et al.Permanent Setting of Compressive Deformation in Surface-Compressed Wood through Regulation of Air-Steam Medium Composition and Pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(04):1-20. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2025012.

摘要

压缩

变形永久固定（定型）是木材密实化技术的关键科学技术问题之一。研究以空气、蒸汽以及两者混合气体为介质，在0.1、0.3和0.5 MPa的介质气体压力下，采用高温加压热处理方法，对表层压缩毛白杨（

Populus tomentosa

）木材实施180 ℃、2 h的定型处理。通过分析定型处理对压缩木材的回复率，以及其他物理、化学及力学性质的影响，阐明空气与蒸汽介质组成及其压力对木材压缩变形永久固定的作用机理。在180 ℃温度、0.5 MPa介质气体压力条件下，以纯蒸汽为介质时，有近80%的压缩变形被永久固定，但只以空气为介质时，仅约54%的压缩变形被永久固定。以空气为介质的热处理虽然会使半纤维素降解，但处理材中乙酸及醛类物质含量远远低于介质中加入50%以上蒸汽的混合介质处理材。说明介质中加入一定量的蒸汽，促进细胞壁组分化学反应，对木材压缩变形固定是至关重要的。基于所有检测样品统计分析结果，吸水回复率与相对结晶度之间的相关关系（

=0.921，

＜0.01），比吸水回复率与羟基吸收强度之间相关关系（

=0.557，

＜0.05）更密切，间接说明半纤维素降解过程使压缩应力释放，比羟基减少使吸湿性降低对压缩变形的永久固定的贡献更大。与空气介质相比，以蒸汽与空气的体积比为1∶1或蒸汽比例更高的混合气体为介质时，木材吸着水EMC和回复率降幅可以提高50%，木材硬度和表面硬度损失率降低4.6%及以上。空气与蒸汽混合介质处理不仅减少了处理过程中蒸汽的使用量，而且简化了压缩木材的定型处理过程，对降低压缩木的生产成本，实现木材压缩技术的商业化应用具有重要意义。

Abstract

Permanent setting of compressive wood deformation has been a focus of wood modification. The heated and pressurized air only

steam only

and their mixture were applied as the heating media to treat surface-compressed poplar wood (

Populus tomentosa

) to study permanent setting. In the heat treatment process

the medium pressures were 0.1 MPa

0.3 MPa

and 0.5 MPa; the treatment temperature was 180 ℃; the treatment time was 2 hours. The effects of treatments on the set recovery

physical

chemical

and mechanical properties of compressed wood were recorded and analyzed. When steam-only treatment was used

at 0.5 MPa

around 80% of the compression was permanently set

compared to 54% of the compression deformation setting when air-only treatment was used. Although air-only treatment causes hemicellulose degradation

by-products of acetic acid and aldehyde compounds were significantly lower than that when steam-only treatment was applied. The correlation between set recovery induced from water absorption and crystallinity index (

=0.921

0.01) was closer than that between set recovery induced from water absorption and hydroxyl absorption str

ength based on the statistical analysis of the entire sample (

=0.557

0.05). It partially explained that hemicellulose degradation process contributed to permanent setting

greater than hygroscopicity decreased due to the reduction of hydroxyl groups. Compared with air-only

when the volume ratio of air and steam was 1∶1 or with steam ratio in the medium

the reduction rate of EMC and set recovery on the treated wood increased by 50%

and the loss rate of wood hardness and surface hardness decreased by more than 4.6%. The mixture of air and steam reduced the amount of steam used in the treatment process and simplified the treatment process. This process significantly reduces the production cost of compressed wood and accelerates the commercial application of wood compression technology.

关键词

Keywords

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