木结构建筑木蜂危害规律观察及固态防治药剂的研发

张斌; 权小江; 侯菲菲; 张景朋

doi:10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024081

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木结构建筑木蜂危害规律观察及固态防治药剂的研发
Observation of Damages Caused by Carpenter Bees in Wood Structure Buildings and the Development of Solid State Control Agents
1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2.宁海县文物保护管理所，浙江宁波 315699
2025年39卷第2期页码：76-81
DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024081
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张斌,权小江,侯菲菲等.木结构建筑木蜂危害规律观察及固态防治药剂的研发[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(02):76-81. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024081.

ZHANG Bin,QUAN Xiaojiang,HOU Feifei,et al.Observation of Damages Caused by Carpenter Bees in Wood Structure Buildings and the Development of Solid State Control Agents[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(02):76-81. DOI： 10.12326/j.2096-9694.2024081.

摘要

木蜂在木结构建筑上筑巢严重威胁木结构建筑的结构安全。本研究通过调查木蜂的生活习性，确定其生活史的薄弱环节，有针对性地研发杀灭木蜂的药剂。通过对木蜂巢穴解剖构造的观察发现，黄胸木蜂、赤足木蜂等主要危害种类的木蜂都是以成虫在巢穴内越冬，每年3月中旬开始出洞，6~7月份羽化成成虫，北方10月上中旬开始越冬。选择木蜂越冬期间进行集中灭杀，通过对药剂和固化剂的不断筛选优化，研发出具有熏蒸和触杀作用的固态药剂。测试结果显示，浙江宁波地区古戏台建筑中木蜂的综合防治效果可达97%以上，北京地区试验蜂巢中的综合防治效果在84%以上，杀灭木蜂的效果良好。该固态药剂施药简单，不污染环境，同时还具有驱避木蜂的效果，减少蛀蚀木结构的害虫数量。

Abstract

The nesting of carpenter bees in wood structures poses a serious threat to the structural safety of timber buildings. The study intended to investigate the living habits of carpenter bees

identify the weak links

and develop a target pesticide to kill them. Through observation of the anatomical structure of the carpenter bee nest

the main harmful species of carpenter bees were identified

including the

Xylocopa appendiculata

and the

Xylocopa rufipes

which are overwinter as adults in the nest. Carpenter bees emerge in mid-March

the eclosion occurs in June-July. In the northern regions overwintering stars in mid-October. Concentrated disinfection and sterilization were carried out during the overwintering period of carpenter bees. Through c

ontinuous screening of formulations

a solid-state pesticide with fumigation and contact actions was developed. The test results show that the comprehensive control effect of carpenter bees in ancient theater buildings in Ningbo

Zhejiang reached 97%

and the comprehensive control effect in experimental beehives in Beijing was over 84%. The killing effect of carpenter bees was good. This solid pesticide was easy to apply

did not pollute the environment

and has a positive effect on repelling carpenter bees

reducing the number of pests that erode structures.

关键词

Keywords

references

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