基于五轴联动加工的木质汽车外观模型一体化成型技术研究

张浩; 张瑞华; 姚华平

doi:null

浏览量 : 0 下载量: CSCD: 0 CNKI被引量: 0 Crossref: 0 Wos: 0 Scopus: 0 更多指标

PDF
导出
分享
收藏
专辑

基于五轴联动加工的木质汽车外观模型一体化成型技术研究
Research on Integrated Forming Technology of Wooden Automotive Exterior Models Based on Five-axis Linkage Machining
1.仲恺农业工程学院机电工程学院，广东广州510225
2.东莞市新法拉数控设备有限公司，广东东莞523170
2026年
DOI：
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

张浩, 张瑞华, 姚华平. 基于五轴联动加工的木质汽车外观模型一体化成型技术研究[J/OL]. 木材科学与技术, 2026. DOI：

Zhang Hao, Zhang Ruihua, Yao Huaping. Research on Integrated Forming Technology of Wooden Automotive Exterior Models Based on Five-axis Linkage Machining[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology, 2026. DOI：

摘要

针对汽车设计验证环节对物理原型高效、低成本、环保的迫切需求，提出一种基于五轴联动数控加工技术的木质汽车模型一体化成型方法。以高密度纤维板（high-density fiberboard，HDF）为基材，通过优化刀轴矢量控制与刀路策略，构建了适配HDF特性的数字化工艺链；提出基于HDF材料性能的“材料-工艺-加工”耦合调控体系，实现了复杂曲面汽车外观模型的一体化加工，有效解决了木质材料复杂曲面加工精度难控、表面质量差的瓶颈。从应用与可持续发展层面来看，加工周期短（仅2 700 min），较油泥模型缩短60%以上；综合成本仅为油泥模型的1/3、3D打印树脂模型的2/5；30天静置整车轮廓关键线性尺寸变化量≤0.3 mm，尺寸稳定性优异；可重复性强的刚性原型解决方案，适用于设计中期多方案快速迭代与批量验证需求、空气动力学初步评估及高端展示样机制作。作为一种可回收的木质材料，HDF的应用推动了原型制造从油泥等消耗性材料，向可数字化全流程追溯、环境友好的可持续模式转变，为木材科学与汽车工程交叉领域的智能制造技术融合提供了实践参考。

Abstract

This study presents an integrated molding approach for wooden automotive models using five-axis simultaneous CNC machining

in response to the pressing demand for physical prototypes that are efficient

economical

and environmentally sustainable in design validation. High-density fiberboard (HDF) is employed as the substrate

and a full digital process chain is established by optimizing tool-axis vector control and tool-path strategies to accommodate the specific characteristics of HDF. Furthermore

a "material–process–machining" synergistic control system is proposed

grounded in the performance attributes of HDF

enabling the integrated high‑precision fabrication of complex‑curved automotive body surfaces. This effectively resolves the long‑standing bottlenecks of poor accuracy and inadequate surface quality in machining wood‑based materials with intricate geometries.Application and sustainability assessments reveal that the machining cycle is only 2

700 minutes—a reduction of over 60% compared with traditional clay modeling. The total cost can be reduced to one‑third that of clay models and two‑fifths that of resin‑based 3D‑printed counterparts. The change in key linear dimensions of the vehicle contour after 30 days of static placement shall be ≤0.3 mm.

demonstrating outstanding dimensional stability. This rigid prototype solution offers high repeatability and is well suited for rapid multi‑scheme iteration during mid‑stage design

batch validation

preliminary aerodynamic evaluation

and high‑end display mock‑up production.Notably

as a recyclable wood-based material

HDF facilitates a paradigm shift in prototype manufacturing—from consumable materials like clay toward a digitally traceable

full-process

and environmentally responsible production chain. This work provides a practical reference for the integration of intelligent manufacturing technologies at the intersection of wood science and automotive engineering.

关键词

Keywords

references

朱学斌 , 张军伟 , 孙博华 , 等 . 汽车整车正向设计技术发展与展望 [J ] . 前瞻科技 , 2025 .

ZHU X B , ZHANG J W , SUN B H , et al . Development and prospect of vehicle forward design technology [J ] . Frontier Science and Technology , 2025 .

潘体湃 . 机械加工汽车产品质量工艺优化策略的研究 [J ] . 汽车维修技师 , 2025 ( 14 ): 103 - 105 .

PAN T P . Research on quality process optimization strategy of machined automobile products [J ] . Automobile Maintenance Technician , 2025 ( 14 ): 103 - 105 .

秦学林 . 汽车油泥模型在风洞测试中的应用研究 [J ] . 大众汽车 , 2025 ( 07 ): 58 - 60 .

QIN X L . Application research of automobile clay model in wind tunnel test [J ] . Auto Popular , 2025 ( 07 ): 58 - 60 .

谢杨 . 浅谈汽车油泥模型曲面质量检查及优化 [J ] . 时代汽车 , 2023 ( 11 ): 107 - 109 .

XIE Y . Discussion on surface quality inspection and optimization of automobile clay model [J ] . Auto Time , 2023 ( 11 ): 107 - 109 .

郭上清 . 汽车外饰油泥模型制作工艺的优化 [J ] . 汽车零部件 , 2020 ( 07 ): 19 - 22 .

GUO S Q . Optimization of manufacturing process for automobile exterior clay model [J ] . Automobile Parts , 2020 ( 07 ): 19 - 22 .

陈晓芳 . 数控加工技术在汽车轻量化材料加工中的应用 [J ] . 汽车测试报告 , 2024 , ( 21 ): 86 - 88 .

CHEN X F . Application of CNC machining technology in the processing of automotive lightweight materials [J ] . Auto Test Report , 2024 , ( 21 ): 86 - 88 .

闫健卓 , 姜缪文 , 陈继民 , 等 . 面向光固化3D打印技术的汽车车身整体化制造及层厚优化 [J ] . 北京工业大学学报 , 2017 , 43 ( 4 ): 551 - 556+482 .

YAN J Z , JIANG M W , CHEN J M , et al . Integral manufacturing and layer thickness optimization of automobile body based on stereolithography 3D printing technology [J ] . Journal of Beijing University of Technology , 2017 , 43 ( 4 ): 551 - 556+482 .

孙鑫淼 , 李黎 , 刘红光 , 等 . 国内外木结构数控加工中心产品技术现状与发展 [J ] . 世界林业研究 , 2023 , 36 ( 1 ): 79 - 84 .

SUN X M , LI L , LIU H G , et al . Present situation and development of domestic and foreign CNC machining centers for wood structures [J ] . World Forestry Research , 2023 , 36 ( 1 ): 79 - 84 .

阮晓伟 . 机械自动化加工技术在汽车制造行业中的应用 [J ] . 汽车知识 , 2024 , 24 ( 11 ): 125 - 127 .

RUAN X W . Application of mechanical automatic processing technology in automobile manufacturing industry [J ] . Auto Knowledge , 2024 , 24 ( 11 ): 125 - 127 .

吕玉 , 辜桂香 , 聂江勇 . 面向五轴数控加工刀轴运动控制的平滑控制算法研究 [J ] . 自动化与仪器仪表 , 2023 ( 12 ): 85 - 88 .

LYU Y , GU G X , NIE J Y . Research on smooth control algorithm for tool axis motion control in five-axis NC machining [J ] . Automation & Instrumentation , 2023 ( 12 ): 85 - 88 .

叶龙 . 基于五轴数控加工工艺的复杂曲面零件加工轨迹分析 [J ] . 现代制造技术与装备 , 2024 , 60 ( 03 ): 192 - 194 .

YE L . Machining trajectory analysis of complex surface parts based on five-axis NC machining technology [J ] . Modern Manufacturing Technology & Equipment , 2024 , 60 ( 03 ): 192 - 194 .[14 ] SunZ, WuT, ZuoX, et al. An improved genetic algorithm for dynamic matching of five-axis probe orientation in measurement path planning[J ] . Measurement, 2026 , 257(PA).

王海宾 . 基于数字孪生的复杂曲面零件五轴数控加工过程仿真与优化研究 [J ] . 互联网周刊 , 2025 ( 18 ): 31 - 33 .

WANG H B . Research on simulation and optimization of five-axis NC machining process of complex surface parts based on digital twin [J ] . China Internet Weekly , 2025 ( 18 ): 31 - 33 .

秦学林 . 汽车油泥模型在风洞测试中的应用研究 [J ] . 大众汽车 , 2025 , ( 7 ): 58 - 60 .

QIN X L . Research on application of automobile clay model in wind tunnel test [J ] . Popular Automobile , 2025 , ( 7 ): 58 - 60 .