面向古建筑木材虫害防治的晋东南地区寺庙建筑园林树木配置原则探讨

黄琳芮; 王卫滨; 周海宾; 周宇; 邓昊

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面向古建筑木材虫害防治的晋东南地区寺庙建筑园林树木配置原则探讨
Configuration Principles of Tree Selection for Temple Gardens in Southeast Shanxi
1.中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所，北京 100091
2.山西省古建筑与彩塑壁画保护研究院，山西太原 030012
3.古建筑木材科学研究与保护国家文物局重点科研基地，北京 100091
2025年39卷第4期页码：50-58
DOI：
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黄琳芮,王卫滨,周海宾等.面向古建筑木材虫害防治的晋东南地区寺庙建筑园林树木配置原则探讨[J].木材科学与技术,2025,39(04):50-58. DOI：

HUANG Linrui,WANG Weibin,ZHOU Haibin,et al.Configuration Principles of Tree Selection for Temple Gardens in Southeast Shanxi[J].Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology,2025,39(04):50-58. DOI：

摘要

晋东南地区是我国木结构古建筑宝库，其古建筑具有重要的历史文化价值，仅宋、金时期的木结构古建筑占全国的75％以上。虫害是古建筑木材的主要威胁之一，寺庙园林古建筑木材虫害和树木配置间存在一定的关系。基于晋东南地区乃至全国古建筑木材害虫危害的相关文献，结合晋东南地区古建筑木材虫害和园林树木勘察实例，系统分析该地区寺庙建筑特征、园林树木配置模式及主要虫害类型。晋东南地区古建筑木材的四类害虫，即天牛（Cerambycidae），木蜂（Xylocopinae），鞘翅目（Coleoptera）蠹虫包括粉蠹科（Lyctidae）、长蠹科（Bostrychidae）、窃蠹科（Anobiidae）等和白蚁（Termitidae），其中蠹虫危害最普遍（100%），木蜂次之（92%）。在归纳梳理害虫危害和寄主树木的基础上，针对古建筑木材虫害防治提出寺庙园林树木配置原则，即“抗虫性-文化性-生态性”三元协同的树木配置原则：避免配制易诱发虫害的高风险树种，如特定易感阔叶树种及吸引木蜂的开花植物；优先选择兼具宗教文化象征和潜在抗虫或驱虫功能的树种；统筹考虑树木生态功能、古树保护及空间布局等因素。结合实践不断优化寺庙园林树木配置方案，对于完善古建筑虫害综合防治体系有积极作用。

Abstract

The southeast region of Shanxi Province is a treasure trove of ancient wooden buildings in China. Its ancient buildings have historical and cultural value. The numbers of ancient wooden buildings built in only Song and Jin dynasties in Shanxi account for more than 75% of amount in the whole country. Insect damage is one of the main threats to ancient wood buildings. The previous literature shows that there is a certain relationship between the insect-damaged wood of ancient buildings and trees planted in temple gardens. This article synthesizes relevant literature on wood-boring pests affecting ancient structures both within the southeast region of Shanxi Province and across China

combined with field surveys documenting pest damage and garden tree arrangements at specific sites in Jindongnan. It systematically analyzes the architectural characteristics of temples

prevailing patterns of garden tree configuration

and major insect types. Four categories of insects in ancient wood structures were identified as longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae)

carpenter bees (Xylocopinae)

Coleoptera wood-boring beetles include Lyctidae

Bostrychidae

and Anobiidae

and termites (Termitidae). Wood-boring beetle is the most prevalent (100%) and carpenter bees is the second most common (92%). On the basis of summarizing and sorting out the insect damage on wood structures and hosted trees

the principles of temple garden tree configuration are proposed for the prevention and control of insects in ancient buildings. It is called "tripartite principle"

which integrates insect resistance

cultural significance

and ecological compatibility. This principle emphasizes avoiding high-risk tree species prone to inducing infestations

e.g.

specific susceptible broad-leaved trees and flowering plants attractive to carpenter bees. Prioritizing species that embody religious and cultural symbolism while also offering potential pest-resistant or insect-repellent properties. Holistically considering ecological functions

the protection of ancient trees

and spatial layout factors. Continuously optimizing temple garden tree configuration schemes through practical application can significantly contribute to enhancing the integrated insect management system for protecting ancient architectural heritage.

关键词

Keywords

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