最新刊期
卷 39 ， 期 2 ， 2025
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Analysis of Microbial Community Structure in the Wood Piles from the Yalu River Floating Bridge Site
摘要：The Yalu River Floating Bridge Site is an important witness of China’s revolutionary history. As an unmovable wooden cultural relic preserved at the river surface, the systematic analysis of microbial communities provides scientific foundation for protecting the cultural relics. In this study, three parts from the non-immersed area I, the tidal area Ⅱ, and the long-term immersed area Ⅲ of the wooden pile in the middle of the river were selected. It was observed of the microbial erosion in the wood structure of the selected samples, which are the immersed part of the wooden pile in the middle of the river. The Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform was used for sequencing and analysis. The results show that samples from different locations of the wood pile present various degrees of natural aging and microbial degradation. There are serious degradation phenomena such as aging discoloration, loose material, and surface peeling in the non-immersed area. The main components degraded most seriously. The phenomenon of aging discoloration and wood peeling is also observed in the samples from the tidal area, while the degree of deterioration is less. The samples from the long-term immersion area Ⅲ are well preserved. Proteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, and Sphingomonas are the main bacteria species with high abundance at the levels of phylum, order, and genus. Ascomycota, Agaricales, and Coprinus were the main fungus species with high abundance at the levels of phylum, order, and genus. The main fungi found in the non-immersed area I of the pile are Agaricales, while the main fungi found in the long-term submerged area Ⅲ are Scutellaceae. The main bacteria identified at different locations of the pile were Sphingomonas and Rhizobiales. The research results provide scientific basis for the preventive and suitability protection of wooden piles at the Yalu River floating bridge site.关键词：wooden relics;Yalu River floating bridge pile;material deterioration;microbial community structure;high-throughput sequencing118|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
KEY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BASE OF HISTORICAL BUILDING WOOD
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摘要：In order to add value to the fast-grown wood species, Populus ussuriensis was selected as the raw material in this study. Different mass fractions of furfuryl alcohol (FA) oligomer solutions and varying ratios of furfuryl alcohol/acrylamide (AM) modifiers were applied to treat the wood. The distribution of the modifiers and their effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the modified wood were analyzed. The results showed that when the mass fraction of FA was 30% and the molecular weight of oligomers was less than 1 000, the modify solution entered the cell wall. The dimensional stability of furfuryl alcohol modified materials improves with the increase of FA mass fraction. After adding acrylamide, the weight gain rate and density of the FA/AM treated samples increased as the increase of AM addition. The anti-swelling coefficient reached 37.51%. When the ratio of FA to AM substances was 4∶1, the flexural strength of the modified material was 83.54 MPa, the flexural modulus was 14.83 GPa, and the impact strength was 28.64 kJ/m². The impact strength was 44.43% higher than that of the modified material with furfuryl alcohol alone (mass fraction of 30%). The acrylamide affects the self-crosslinking reaction of furfuryl alcohol, reduces the density of the network structure of furfuryl alcohol resin, and improves the impact strength of FA/AM modified materials.关键词：wood modification;furfuryl alcohol modification;acrylamide;impact performance;dimensional stability75|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：Lavender essential oil microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization, compounded with soybean meal protein adhesive to form a system with slow-release fragrance. The lavender fragrance-releasing plywood was manufactured. The results showed that the main aroma components in the aroma-releasing plywood were D-limonene, eucalyptol, and linalool, accounting for 45.21%~49.44%. By adding 0.5% (by mass of adhesive) microcapsules, the plywood panels release a stable and long-lasting fragrance, with the scent grade remaining at level 1 or above even after 350 days. The addition of lavender essential oil microcapsules almost did not affect the adhesive properties of soybean meal protein adhesive. The microcapsule wall material and the adhesive layer with microporous structure synergistically released the aroma slowly, endowing the fragrance-releasing plywood with excellent fragrance slow-release performance.关键词：microcapsules;lavender essential oil;plywood;fragrance release property105|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：The development of plant-based preservatives represents an efficacious strategy for advancing the sustainable wood protection technology. In this study, the extraction process of phenolics from Albizia odoratissima heartwood was optimized through a combination of one-way methodology and response surface methodology. The effects of extractive impregnation treatments on wood color and decay resistance were subsequently evaluated. The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction process parameters were an ethanol volume fraction of 75%, a liquid-solid ratio of 30∶1 mL/g, and an extraction time of 12.3 h. Under these conditions, the total flavonoids extraction yield was 17.29 mg/g, the total polyphenols extraction yield was 114.83 mg/g. After being treated with extract solutions with concentrations of 20 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL (following a 15-minute treatment period under vacuum conditions of －0.1 MPa, the specimen was pressurized at 0.8 MPa for a duration of 30 minutes), the extract retention in Pinus massoniana sapwood was 12.50 kg/m3 and 48.32 kg/m3, respectively. The color difference (△E) between untreated and treated wood (with solution concentration of 20 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL) reached 34.51 and 43.57, respectively, while the △E between Albizia odoratissima heartwood and the treated wood decreased from 31.54 to 5.24 and 12.24, respectively. The treatment resulted in a decrease in lightness (L*) and blue-yellow axis (b*) of wood and an increase in green-red axis (a*) of that. After being rotted by Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta, the mass loss rate of the wood treated with a 20 mg/mL extract solution decreased by 40.13% and 42.01%, respectively, and that of the wood treated with an 80 mg/mL extract solution decreased by 65.70% and 56.69%, respectively, compared to that of the untreated sample. It is indicated that the extracts significantly improved decay resistance of the Pinus massoniana sapwood. The Albizia odoratissima heartwood extract proved to be a suitable raw material for the development of plant-based wood preservatives.关键词：Albizia odoratissima heartwood;ethanol extract;Pinus massoniana sapwood;decay resistance;color difference51|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：Amino resin-based intumescent fire-retardant coating is a major type of transparent fire-retardant coatings. However, due to its inadequate water resistance, the coating layer has limited practical applications. Caprolactam was incorporated into amino resin to synthesize a water-resistant, transparent, intumescent fire-retardant coating. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the effect of caprolactam on the chemical structure of the coating layer. The water resistance and wetting properties of the coating were tested. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the cone calorimeter (CONE) were employed to explore the mechanism by which caprolactam affects the intumescence of the coating layer and the morphology of the char layer. The results indicated that caprolactam was incorporated into the coating layer through amidation, forming new amide bonds without decreasing the transparency of the coating. Compared to coatings with no modification, when the mass ratio of caprolactam was 2%~4%, the contact angle of the coating layer increased from 42° to 50°~58°. After 24 hours of immersion in water at room temperature, the coating layer remained smooth and wrinkle-free, without peeling, meeting the water resistance requirements for coating layers specified in GB 12441—2018 Decorative Fire-Retardant Coatings. Additionally, the total heat release (THR) within 300 seconds (THR300 s) was reduced by 14.1%~17.5%; and the ignition time increased, demonstrating enhanced fire-retardant performance of the coating.关键词：fire-retardant coating;water-based amino resin;caprolactam;waterproof;transparent31|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：Predicting the hygrothermal performance and mold risk using the simulation model is a vital technical aspect for developing domestically produced, energy-efficient, and durable wood-bamboo building materials. This study focuses on Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) exterior walls. By constructing a wireless high-precision hygrothermal data acquisition system and utilizing building hygrothermal performance software, measured and predicted data on indicators such as air temperature, relative humidity at the composite construction interface layer, and moisture content of internal and external cladding materials were obtained. The study analyzes the hygrothermal dynamic response of exterior walls at the Beijing’s regional climatic conditions and predicts the risk of mold growth. The wireless high-precision building hygrothermal monitoring system operates stably, providing reliable data for real-time hygrothermal condition characterization and software simulation. Domestic wood-bamboo building materials used in SIPs exterior walls exhibit significant hygrothermal barrier effects, with an exceptional drying capability after extreme rainfall conditions. Precise predictions were made regarding the temperature, humidity, and moisture content distribution patterns within the SIPs exterior wall structural layers, as well as five-year trends. The total moisture content of the exterior wall and indoor temperature and humidity remains stable over the long term study period, during which the moisture content of recombinant bamboo and spruce cladding materials was consistently below 15%, therefore preventing mold growth. This research serves as a reference for the application and design optimization using locally produced wood and bamboo construction materials for the exterior wall systems.关键词：timber and bamboo structured insulated wall;hygrothermal performance;mold risk34|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：In response to the complex and diverse nature of wood surface defects and the real-time requirements of the detection tasks, this study aimed to improve the performance of the YOLOv10s model for wood surface defect detection. The proposed method simplifies the model structure by modifying the convolution modules in the Backbone, while introducing a lightweight dynamic upsampling module to enhance the sampling accuracy in the multi-scale feature fusion process. Additionally, a multi-scale attention module is incorporated to balance the detection of both large and small targets. Furthermore, a wood surface defect detection dataset was constructed to train and validate the model. Experimental results show that the proposed improved algorithm achieves an mAP@0.5 (mAP@0.5 refers to the mean Average Precision at 50% intersection over union) of 95.1% and an inference time of 3.8 ms/frame. The results indicate that the improved model outperforms the current existing algorithms in detection accuracy, while it also meets the real-time detection requirements, making it suitable for wood surface defect detection tasks.关键词：wood defect detection;YOLOv10;dynamic upsampling;multi-scale attention mechanism54|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：In this study, three typical product structures, material compositions, and personalized demands were analyzed, the product family model for wood-based composite doors was constructed based on the principle of Generic Bill of Material (GBOM) model. It was further analyzed on the class components and parts in the product model, as well as the configuration rules among these aspects, the external variable set, and the variable set. As a typical example among wooden composite doors, the laminated wooden composite door was studied to determine the optional variable sets of multiple structural modules and sub-modules including door leaves, door frames, finishing auxiliary materials and accessories, etc., then establish the product family model. The model aims to improve product management efficiency, reduce structural data redundancy in the traditional product configuration, shorten the design and development cycle for wooden door products, and achieve customization diversity, maximize design efficiency, and efficient processing.关键词：wood-based composite doors;personalized customization;generic bill of material (GBOM);product family53|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27 -
摘要：The nesting of carpenter bees in wood structures poses a serious threat to the structural safety of timber buildings. The study intended to investigate the living habits of carpenter bees, identify the weak links, and develop a target pesticide to kill them. Through observation of the anatomical structure of the carpenter bee nest, the main harmful species of carpenter bees were identified, including the Xylocopa appendiculata and the Xylocopa rufipes, which are overwinter as adults in the nest. Carpenter bees emerge in mid-March, the eclosion occurs in June-July. In the northern regions overwintering stars in mid-October. Concentrated disinfection and sterilization were carried out during the overwintering period of carpenter bees. Through continuous screening of formulations, a solid-state pesticide with fumigation and contact actions was developed. The test results show that the comprehensive control effect of carpenter bees in ancient theater buildings in Ningbo, Zhejiang reached 97%, and the comprehensive control effect in experimental beehives in Beijing was over 84%. The killing effect of carpenter bees was good. This solid pesticide was easy to apply, did not pollute the environment, and has a positive effect on repelling carpenter bees, reducing the number of pests that erode structures.关键词：wood structure buildings;carpenter bee;occurrence and management;solid-state pesticide78|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
RESEARCH PAPERS
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摘要：Qingyuan Temple at Wusutu Zhao is a prominent example of Tibetan Buddhist architecture, holds profound historical and cultural value. On-site surveys revealed that the wooden components in the main hall were severely damaged, exhibiting decay, discoloration, warping, cracking oil paint, and peeling. Based on the GB/T 50165—2020“Technical Standards for the Maintenance and Reinforcement of Ancient Building Wood Structures”, the safety grade of the main hall is determined as C' level, which is relatively safe overall. However there are potential problems such as local structural instability. In this study, the characteristics of the damaged wooden structure of the Qingyuan Temple were evaluated. The protection and repair plans were explored to provide beneficial references for the protection of Tibetan Buddhist ancient architectural cultural heritage in Inner Mongolia.关键词：wooden parts of ancient buildings;Qingyuan Temple;stress wave nondestructive testing;repair and protection scheme44|0|0更新时间：2025-05-27
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