Research on Integrated Forming Technology of Wooden Automotive Exterior Models Based on Five-axis Linkage Machining

Zhang Hao; Zhang Ruihua; Yao Huaping

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Research on Integrated Forming Technology of Wooden Automotive Exterior Models Based on Five-axis Linkage Machining
1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510225， China
2.Dongguan Xin Farra Numerical Control Equipment Co.Ltd.， Dongguan， Guangdong;523170， China
(2026)
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DOI：

Zhang Hao, Zhang Ruihua, Yao Huaping. Research on Integrated Forming Technology of Wooden Automotive Exterior Models Based on Five-axis Linkage Machining[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology, 2026. DOI：

摘要

针对汽车设计验证环节对物理原型高效、低成本、环保的迫切需求，提出一种基于五轴联动数控加工技术的木质汽车模型一体化成型方法。以高密度纤维板（high-density fiberboard，HDF）为基材，通过优化刀轴矢量控制与刀路策略，构建了适配HDF特性的数字化工艺链；提出基于HDF材料性能的“材料-工艺-加工”耦合调控体系，实现了复杂曲面汽车外观模型的一体化加工，有效解决了木质材料复杂曲面加工精度难控、表面质量差的瓶颈。从应用与可持续发展层面来看，加工周期短（仅2 700 min），较油泥模型缩短60%以上；综合成本仅为油泥模型的1/3、3D打印树脂模型的2/5；30天静置整车轮廓关键线性尺寸变化量≤0.3 mm，尺寸稳定性优异；可重复性强的刚性原型解决方案，适用于设计中期多方案快速迭代与批量验证需求、空气动力学初步评估及高端展示样机制作。作为一种可回收的木质材料，HDF的应用推动了原型制造从油泥等消耗性材料，向可数字化全流程追溯、环境友好的可持续模式转变，为木材科学与汽车工程交叉领域的智能制造技术融合提供了实践参考。

Abstract

This study presents an integrated molding approach for wooden automotive models using five-axis simultaneous CNC machining

in response to the pressing demand for physical prototypes that are efficient

economical

and environmentally sustainable in design validation. High-density fiberboard (HDF) is employed as the substrate

and a full digital process chain is established by optimizing tool-axis vector control and tool-path strategies to accommodate the specific characteristics of HDF. Furthermore

a "material–process–machining" synergistic control system is proposed

grounded in the performance attributes of HDF

enabling the integrated high‑precision fabrication of complex‑curved automotive body surfaces. This effectively resolves the long‑standing bottlenecks of poor accuracy and inadequate surface quality in machining wood‑based materials with intricate geometries.Application and sustainability assessments reveal that the machining cycle is only 2

700 minutes—a reduction of over 60% compared with traditional clay modeling. The total cost can be reduced to one‑third that of clay models and two‑fifths that of resin‑based 3D‑printed counterparts. The change in key linear dimensions of the vehicle contour after 30 days of static placement shall be ≤0.3 mm.

demonstrating outstanding dimensional stability. This rigid prototype solution offers high repeatability and is well suited for rapid multi‑scheme iteration during mid‑stage design

batch validation

preliminary aerodynamic evaluation

and high‑end display mock‑up production.Notably

as a recyclable wood-based material

HDF facilitates a paradigm shift in prototype manufacturing—from consumable materials like clay toward a digitally traceable

full-process

and environmentally responsible production chain. This work provides a practical reference for the integration of intelligent manufacturing technologies at the intersection of wood science and automotive engineering.

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references

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